1908.] Insect, Fungus, and other Pests. 



603 



the same way as the celery fly, until they reach the stem, 

 which they proceed to hollow out. A practice with some 

 growers is to dissect the stem or leaf and remove the 

 maggots with the aid of a long pin. The measures for prevent- 

 ing subsequent attack are described in the note above men- 

 tioned. Young carnations appear to be most attacked. 



Cabbage Root Fly. — Specimens of Stocks from Nottingham 

 were found to be attacked by the maggots of the Cabbage-root 

 Fly (Phorbia brassicce), which is dealt with in Leaflet No. 122. 



Turnip Aphis. — Swedes from Rhondda (Glam.) were very 

 badly infested with the Turnip Aphis (Aphis rapce). Washes for 

 use against aphides will be found in Leaflet No. 104 (Aphides 

 or Plant-lice). For successful treatment, remedial and pre- 

 ventive measures should be put in hand early, before the 

 aphides become numerous. Very badly infested leaves should 

 be burned, or deeply buried, and the land should be deeply 

 dug or ploughed. This would prevent egg-laying to a con- 

 siderable extent. 



Lecanium Scale on Ferns. — Specimens of ferns from Norwich 

 were infested with Lecanium scale. This scale is large and 

 easily seen, and the infested parts of the fern should be washed 

 with a very dilute paraffin emulsion. Any badly infested 

 fronds should be cut off and burned. 



Chermes on Pinus nobilis. — Specimens of Pinus nobilis from 

 Largo (Fife) were received and were found to be infested with 

 a Chermes in one of the stages in its life-history, which is at 

 present not fully known. All affected trees should be sprayed 

 during the winter or dormant season with the winter wash 

 recommended in Leaflet No. 70, or with paraffin emulsion made 

 as follows : — Dissolve 3 lb. of soft soap in 2 quarts of boiling 

 water ; to this, while hot, add 1 pint of paraffin and churn very 

 thoroughly. For use, dilute with 5 gallons of water. 



A Useful Spider. — A spider taken on the leading shoot of a 

 young larch tree, and thought to be responsible for damage 

 to the shoot, was identified as Epeira quadrata. That it should 

 be found on a killed leading shoot is quite an accident, as the 

 spider is insectivorous. It makes very beautiful webs on heath 

 and gorse, and the female is found in a dome-shaped cell of 

 white silk. 



" Leaf Scald " on Apple Trees. — The trouble known as 



