1909.] 



Glanders and Farcy. 



837 



Symptoms. 



"Occult" Glanders. — A horse may be affected with 

 Glanders and show no particular symptom beyond a general 

 unthriftiness, and is often looked upon by those in the stable 

 simply as "a bad doer." This form of the disease is spoken of 

 as "occult " or "hidden " Glanders, and can only be diagnosed 

 by the aid of the Mallein Test. 



Occult Glanders in a stable is a serious matter. Animals 

 so affected may at any time develop some slight discharge 

 from one or both nostrils, which is either continuous or 

 appears at intervals. Such a slight discharge, especially if 

 it only appears at intervals, is frequently not observed, or 

 when seen is often not regarded with any suspicion until the 

 animal "breaks up," and develops more advanced symptoms 

 of the disease or dies from Glanders. During that time, 

 however, the horse may have infected other healthy horses 

 and even man himself. 



Not infrequently cases of occult Glanders are discovered at 

 the post-mortem examination of animals which have died 

 from other causes, and were not suspected during life. 



Typical Glanders. — In typical clinical cases of Glanders 

 there is a thick, grey-coloured discharge from one or both 

 nostrils. Ulcers and ulcerous patches are to be seen inside 

 the nostrils, and the glands under the jaw are enlarged and 

 hard, forming a lump which is commonly known as a "Jug." 

 The temperature may be raised, but in chronic cases it may 

 be no higher than the normal. 



Acute Cases. — In severe and acute cases the temperature is 

 several degrees above normal, and the animal shows distinct 

 symptoms of respiratory disease. 



Farcy. — In Farcy one or more limbs become swollen. The 

 lymph vessels stand out prominently on the inside of the 

 limbs. They have a cord-like feel to the hand, and small 

 nodules appear along the course of the vessels. These 

 nodules frequently burst and become ulcers, which discharge 

 a thick, yellow fluid of oily appearance. The ulcers may 

 heal and leave a scar, but they usually break out again. 



Farcy may also appear on the skin of the neck and body. 



Post-mortem Examination. — On post-mortem examination, 



