8 3 8 



Glanders and Farcy. 



[FEB., 



in addition to the symptoms already described, one may find 

 ulceration of the throat and air passages, or, as is more 

 constant, small shot-like nodules are present in the lungs. 

 They are formed by tissue products due to the action of the 

 glanders microbes contained within them. The nodules vary 

 in numbers from one or two to hundreds. 



Virulent Material and Method of Spread. — The discharges 

 and sores present in Glanders and Farcy are very virulent or 

 poisonous because they contain the microbes which cause 

 the disease. Glanders is spread to a healthy horse either 

 directly by contact with a diseased horse, or, indirectly, by 

 such things as mangers, buckets, harness, grooming and 

 stable utensils, sponges, contaminated food or water, and, in 

 fact, anything upon which a glandered horse has left some 

 virulent discharge. 



The usual method of infection, however, is by ingestion, 

 that is, the virulent material is taken into the animal's body 

 by way of the mouth. 



Preventive Measures. — The spread of Glanders to healthy 

 animals can be prevented by the removal and proper destruc- 

 tion of all diseased animals, and a thorough disinfection of 

 all places and articles which are liable to have been con- 

 taminated by the virulent discharges. 



It is also necessary that the Mallein Test be applied to all 

 animals showing suspicious symptoms, and to those animals 

 which have been in contact with a diseased or suspected 

 animal, and which may therefore be affected with occult 

 Glanders. 



The application of the Mallein Test requires some skill and 

 experience, but it is quite a reliable test for the detection of 

 occult Glanders in the hands of a veterinary surgeon. 



A warning is desirable (especially to those who are brought 

 into contact with horses) that a human being may contract 

 Glanders from a diseased horse by inoculation through a 

 wound or by rubbing a mucous membrane, such as that of 

 the eye, with the soiled fingers, and that care should therefore 

 be exercised in the handling of horses or the carcases of 

 horses which may be affected with the disease, or suspected 

 of being so affected, in order that this risk may be avoided. 



In any case where handling is necessary the hands should 



