86o Afforestation in Denmark, Holland, etc. [feb., 



containing potash and phosphoric acid with lime has been 

 practised with success, and also green manuring with lupins. 

 The existence of old pine forests shows that the soil is 

 capable of producing good pine wood, and experiments are 

 being made . with certain species of firs, Pinus sylvestris, 

 and several species of American firs, but so far the results 

 derived from Pinus montana, var. uncinata, are the only ones 

 which can be called fairly satisfactory. 



(3) Along the coast line of the North Sea and on certain 

 areas along the eastern coast of Jutland extensive dunes of 

 white sand are found, which are either entirely destitute of 

 vegetation or planted with sand grasses. The principal tree 

 used here is Pinus montana, several varieties of which are 

 grown. The straight type from the Pyrenees and the South 

 of France gives results which, from an economical point of 

 view, may be called fairly satisfactory. In the depressions 

 in the dunes, where moisture accumulates, the Piceaalba is also 

 used, as well as other coniferous trees, birch and oak. These 

 trees are not, however, of much value, whereas the mountain 

 pine produces good firewood, and can also be used for pit 

 props. 



Grants are made annually to the Danish Heath Society, 

 the special object of w T hich is to encourage tree-planting in 

 Jutland. The amount allowed, as a rule, for each separate 

 plantation is one-third of the outlay for cultivation, fences, 

 roads, &c. The revenue of the State Forest Department in 

 1906-7 was ,£82,900, and the expenditure ,£60,280, leaving 

 a profit of ,£22,620. During the last ten years the average 

 profit has Been ,£19,000. 



Holland. — Sir Henry Howard, H.M. Minister at The 

 Hague, has forwarded a memorandum drawn up by the 

 Netherland Ministry of Agriculture, from which it appears 

 that varying amounts of from ;£ 1,000 to ^2,000 have been 

 annually included of late years in the State Budget to provide 

 for the purchase of waste lands, while the expenditure on 

 cultivation in 1907 was about ^"6,700. 



There are three types of waste lands on which afforestation 

 is being carried on, viz., the dunes, sand drifts, and heaths. 

 The sand dunes require to be fixed previous to afforestation, 

 and are then planted with either the Black or Austrian Pine 



