458 



Farm Accounts. 



[sept., 



Profit and Loss Account. 





To Valuation of live^ 

 and dead stock, til- 

 lages and unexhausted - 

 improvements at be- 

 beginning of year ... 

 To Payment and Ex- 

 penses from Analysis 

 Book, viz. : 



Cattle ... 



Sheep 



Seeds ... 



Foods 



Manures 



Rent, rates, taxes, 



&c 



Labour 



Sundries 







By Sales from Analysis 

 Book, viz. : 



Cattle '. 



Sheep 



Dairy 



Poultry 



Corn crops 



Hay 



Sundries 



By Valuation of live^i 

 and dead stock, til- 

 lages and unexhausted I 

 improvements at end 

 of year ... . . . . . J 





To Balance — profit for 

 the year 











Household expenses are not entered in the Profit and Loss 

 Account; they have no bearing on the profitableness of the 

 business. 



The system of accounts just described has the advantage of 

 being easily understood and little liable to errors. Although 

 it does not show even the approximate profit or loss on the 

 different branches of the business, it presents in a concise 

 form the materials from which, with a little study and trouble, 

 a very close estimate of these may be made in the case of a 

 small farm. It may be recommended to those farmers who 

 have not previously kept accounts, or who have a disinclina- 

 tion for books. The Royal Agricultural Society publishes 

 ruled account books for a similar system. 



A Fuller Method. — A fairly complete and decidedly useful 

 set of accounts may be kept without a large amount of labour 

 by means of a cash book, a ledger, and a labour book. 

 Although these are mentioned here as three distinct books, 

 they may, for convenience, be bound in one volume. The 

 cash book serves for the record of receipts and payments. 

 Accounts are opened in the ledger for all the various crops, 

 kinds of stock, and classes of expenses of which it is desired 

 to keep separate account, in order that the approximate profit 

 or loss resulting from each may be known. A useful list 

 of such accounts as are generally desirable appeared recently 



