n6 Goat Moth and Wood Leopard Moth, [may, 



The caterpillar is somewhat flattened, so that the galleries are 

 oval in shape. When young the caterpillar is dull pink, but as 

 it grows it becomes yellowish flesh-coloured at the sides and 

 under surface, the upper surface being red. The head is black ; 

 on the segment behind the head is a dark shield ; the segments 

 have fine bristle-like hairs. The full-grown caterpillar may 

 measure about 4 in. 



Pupation takes place in the burrow in the stem, near to the 

 outside, the chrysalis being surrounded by a cocoon covered by 

 wood chips and sawdust. Sometimes the caterpillar leaves the 

 tree and pupates in the soil, in which case the cocoon consists 

 chiefly of particles of soil. 



Life History. — The moths fly in June and July ; the eggs are 

 laid in little heaps in cracks and crevices in the bark, generally 

 very low down, but sometimes up to the height of a man. The 

 caterpillars, on hatching, feed at first below the bark, but later 

 they gnaw irregular ascending galleries in the wood. In cases 

 of overcrowding (and more than 100 caterpillars have been taken 

 from one stem) some of the caterpillars may leave the tree and 

 bore into another. When full-grown the caterpillar pupates and 

 the pupation stage lasts about a month, or occasionally some- 

 what longer. Before the emergence of the moth, the pupa 

 pushes its way partly out of the burrow in the tree, and the 

 empty pupal skin may be seen projecting after the emergence 

 of the moth. The cocoons have been taken from the soil of a 

 garden near an infested balsam poplar. 



The life cycle typically lasts for two years, i.e., from eggs laid 

 in July, 1905, caterpillars will hatch and bore below the bark ; 

 after wintering in the stem the caterpillars will tunnel in the 

 wood, where they will live during the whole of 1906 and till 

 June of 1907, when pupation will take place, the moths issuing 

 to start a new generation in July, 1907. 



The Wood Leopard Moth (Zeuzera aesculi). — The caterpillars 

 of this moth feed in the stem and branches of a- number of 

 broad-leaved species of trees, e.g., lilac, lime, sycamore, birch, 

 beech, oak, sweet chestnut, ash, willow, poplar, and such fruit 

 trees as apple, pear, and cherry, where they may cause con- 

 siderable harm. 



The moth, though its specific name is that of the horse- 



