144 



Hints on Water Supply. 



[JUNE, 



away to run it over a milk cooler in order to lower its tem- 

 perature. 



Milk at a low temperature will keep fresh longer, because 

 low temperatures retard the action of those organisms which 

 commoniy find their way into it. Nevertheless, under equal 

 conditions, milk heavily charged with bacterial life always 

 changes its character more quickly than milk contaminated to 

 a lesser extent. 



Importance of cleanliness in butter and cheese maki?ig. — 

 It is not going too far to say that cleanliness is absolutely 

 essential to the successful making of butter and cheese. 

 Unlike the milk seller, to whom all forms of bacterial life are 

 objectionable, the maker of dairy produce has to depend on 

 certain forms of germ-life to perform vital parts of the processes 

 by which milk is transformed into butter or cheese. So much 

 does the maker of dairy produce rely on bacterial action 

 that the quality of the final product very much depends on how 

 successfully the desired germs have been encouraged and the 

 injurious germs discouraged. Experience has taught us that 

 wherever uncleanliness exists there also exists a large number 

 of germs which, by their action, are almost certain to prevent 

 the successful manufacture of dairy produce. Uncleanliness, 

 therefore, increases the risk of the milk or cream becoming 

 inoculated with those forms of germ-life which are capable 

 of detracting from the quality of the cheese or butter 

 finally produced. Thus it not infrequently happens that, owing 

 to the uncleanly management of the cows, uncleanly milking, 

 or uncleanly utensils, the possibility of making the finest butter 

 or cheese has been destroyed before the milk has even reached 

 the dairy. 



J. F. Blackshaw. 



HINTS ON WATER SUPPLY. 

 As a consequence of the remarkable succession of dry winters 

 many rural districts are at the present time experiencing a 

 shortage of water, and it is to be feared that, as the season 

 advances, this condition will be greatly aggravated unless the 

 next few weeks prove to be very much wetter than is usual for 

 this period of the year. 



