4 3$ 



Manuring of Apple Trees. 



[OCT., 



be deferred until an exhaustive test has been made of those 

 bacteria which are so constantly associated with it. It is con- 

 sidered, however, that there is good circumstantial evidence for 

 considering that O'idium has some function in producing flavour. 



The practical problem, therefore, which is suggested by these 

 investigations, is the discovery of a method which will enable 

 the cheese-maker to control the growth of micro-organisms, 

 more especially 1 the lactic bacteria and these two species of 

 moulds. The control of the process of souring of the curd is 

 very easy. It is only necessary to apply here the method used 

 in cream ripening — viz., the inoculation of the milk with lactic 

 starters. These starters, if placed in fresh milk, ensure a proper 

 souring with perfect uniformity. 



The control of mould growth is a more difficult matter, 

 because of the great likelihood that the cheeses in handling 

 will become inoculated on the surface with other than the 

 desired organisms. The solution of the problem, however, 

 appears to be found in proper attention to three factors : 

 (1) the inoculation of the cheese at the proper stage with a 

 comparatively large quantity of the spores of the desired 

 organisms ; (2) the cleanliness of the ripening cellar ; and 

 (3) the treatment of the cheese in the cellar. The attention 

 of the staff which is engaged in carrying out the investigations 

 is now being directed to these points, and it is stated that a 

 bulletin will be published by the United States Department of 

 Agriculture giving in detail the actual methods of making and 

 handling which have been found most successful in producing 

 the best product. 



In^the spring of 1901 an experiment in the manuring of 

 fruit trees was undertaken in Germany to test the effect of 



been planted in 1900 with several hundred trees, afforded an 

 opportunity to experiment with a number of apple trees of the 

 same age and variety, and 81 half-standards of " Baumann's 



Manuring 

 of 



Apple Trees. 



various artificial manures, and the results 

 form the subject of a report by Dr. Clausen 

 in the LandwirtschaftlicJie Jahrbikher for 

 1904 (Part 6). An orchard, which had 



