526 National Fruit and Cider Institute, [dec, 



stout peg was driven in for each station, and when the men 

 were digging them they used a piece of string 3 ft. long 

 with a loop at each end, and with a pointed stick scratched a 

 circle 6 ft. in diameter. The turf was taken off and laid on one 

 side, a good spit of soil dug out and laid on the other side, and 

 the subsoil dug over, broken up, and trodden down again. This 

 gives a certain amount of drainage under the tree, while tread- 

 ing firmly prevents the tree sinking. 



Special attention was given to planting the trees. A little of 

 the turf was returned to the bottom of the hole, and with some 

 fine soil formed a slight mound for the roots of the tree to rest 

 on. The tree, after having the roots carefully pruned to cut 

 away their bruised ends, was just placed on the mound, which 

 would be raised or lowered to get the right depth. In planting, 

 the roots were spread out carefully in layers and some fine soil 

 worked in round them, all being made thoroughly firm. After 

 the roots were nicely covered the turf was returned to the hole 

 grass side down, and within easy reach of the future roots, so 

 that they might have good soil to ramble in. The surface of 

 the holes has been kept hoed to keep down weeds for two 

 years. In the early summer of 1904, before there was a possi- 

 bility of the soil drying, a mulching of manure was given, with 

 the result that all the trees grew very well, as, indeed, they 

 could hardly help doing in such good soil. 



The names of varieties planted in this orchard up to the 

 present are given below : — 



Names of Varieties of Apples and Pears in the New 



Orchard. 



Apples ■, Herefords. — The Fox whelp, Strawberry Norman, 

 Cowarne Red, Cherry Norman, Broad-leaf Norman, Knotted 

 Kernel, Skyrmes Kernel, Eggleton Styre, Kingston Black, 

 Chisel Jersey, and Medaille d'Or, The last named is a French 

 variety, and has an excellent repute in that country. The 

 Kingston Black was raised originally in Somerset, but the trees 

 came from Hereford to Ashton. 



Pears, Herefords. — Moorcroft, Taynton Squash, and Oldfield. 



Apples, Somersets. — Morgan's Sweet, Broad-leaf (a very 

 different one to the Broad-leaf Norman), King of the Pippins, 



