1906.] 



Some Common Thistles. 



7i3 



through below the bud part from which the leaves arise. It 

 must also be borne in mind that in the case of the marsh 

 thistle there are a number of roots to be severed (Fig. 6), and 

 the spear thistle and welted thistle often have more than one 

 strong root (Figs. 4 and 5). Sometimes I have seen one of the 



Fig. 8. — Creeping Thistle, Seedling 9 weeks old (slightly reduced'). 



roots cut and the other left, which is quite useless (see Fig. 5). 

 To make certain of the result, the spud should be driven well 

 below the surface of the land and the severed rosette of leaves 

 turned upside down. It is easily done, and requires no more 

 time than slovenly work. Cutting at these definite times of the 



