382 On a manner of training the Vine upon open Walls. 



cut to the opposite side of the shoot, so that the eye may not 

 be damaged by its bleeding. They are also careful to inflict 

 no wounds unnecessarily, and those they do make, they finish 

 off in the neatest manner. 



The season they generally prefer for the winter pruning is 

 from the beginning of February to the beginning of March, 

 before the first movement of the sap takes place. The ear- 

 liest pruned Vines are found to break first. 



Summer Pruning or Training. 



The summer pruning commences with the growth of the 

 the young wood, and consists in cutting out all dwindled and 

 weak shoots that may not be necessary to replace failures in 

 the spurs ; also such as are double and triple, as well as bearing 

 shoots, which have not sufficient strength to bring their fruit 

 to perfection ; in general, preserving upon each spur, but one 

 or two shoots in bearing. All others are retrenched which 

 cannot be well laid in, or which are not destined to serve some 

 present or future purpose. But as premature summer pruning 

 is productive of the same bad effects as follow late summer 

 training, in occasioning wasteful bursts of sap, it is considered 

 prudent, before the stronger shoots are cleared off, to wait 

 until the wood has acquired some consistence, and until new 

 channels are prepared for the expenditure of the sap by the 

 expansion of the leaves. 



Summer pruning is of the highest importance to the Vine, 

 and should be repeated as often in the season as may be 

 necessary ; but care must be taken in this operation, for 

 stripping a plant of its leaves and shoots suddenly, always 

 gives a shock to its vegetation, which is the more or less 



