191 1.] Concentrated Feeding-Stuffs. 



217 



June-July-August, complicated by the onset of winter. 

 Thus the winter can be passed as adult or as larva. It is not 

 certain either that young beetles issuing for the first time 

 in autumn are sufficiently ripe for egg-laying before hiberna- 

 tion. The favourite place for hibernation with the imago 

 ready in autumn is the larval tunnel. 



Treatment. — While willow is a host plant, as is shown 

 by the fact that complaints have been sent to the Board of 

 attacks on willow, alder is very willingly or preferably used 

 for brood purposes, and hence planting alders here and there 

 in willow plantations might serve as a useful preventive 

 measure against attack on willows; the alders would then 

 serve as traps. 



There should be timely cutting away and burning of infested 

 branches or stems. 



THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF 

 CONCENTRATED FEEDING-STUFFS* 



In making purchases of cakes and other feeding-stuffs, a 

 farmer often experiences a difficulty in arriving at a con- 

 clusion as to what material to buy, or which particular brand 

 of cake to select. 



It is clear that cost per ton is by no means the only factor 

 that should influence his choice, but he is frequently uncertain 

 as to precisely what other considerations should be taken into 

 account, and what degree of importance should be attached 

 to them. 



It is the object of this article to furnish a guide to the 

 farmer in the purchase of foodstuffs. Information as to the 

 compounding of rations for farm stock is given in Leaflet 

 No. 79. 



The first essential for the intelligent purchase of foodstuffs 

 is that the farmer shall have a clear understanding of the 

 nature and composition of foods, what functions in the animal 

 the different ingredients perform, and the requirements and 

 limitations of different classes of live-stock. With this know- 

 ledge it is possible to ascertain precisely in what respects 



* This article is now issued as a revised edition of Leaflet No. 74. Though some 

 portions of the earlier edition of the Leaflet have been retained, the bulk of this 

 article has been written by Dr. Charles Crowther, of The University, Leeds. 



