191 1.] Concentrated Feeding-stuffs. 303 



grains, such as maize, barley, &c. As a rule, the mixture is 

 flavoured and sweetened by the addition of spice, such as 

 ground fenugreek or aniseed. Locust bean meal is also a 

 favourite ingredient of these cakes, and of the mixed meals 

 sold for lamb food and similar purposes. The sweet taste 

 and pleasant aroma which accompany compound feeding 

 cakes, and the high degree of relish with which they are 

 consumed by cattle, largely account for their popularity 

 amongst farmers. Many experienced feeders use large quan- 

 tities of such cakes with the best results, but they should 

 be bought with even greater caution than is necessary in the 

 case of pure cakes. They furnish an opportunity of getting 

 rid of material (such as musty cake, warehouse sweepings, 

 &c.) that cannot readily be sold in any other way, so that the 

 buyer of compound cakes has a special inducement to deal 

 with a firm of high reputation, and frequently to take the 

 opinion of an experienced chemist. 



Brewers' Grains (or Distillers' Grains). — This material is 

 a bye-product of the brewing and distilling industries, and 

 represents the residues of the grains (chiefly barley) which 

 have been converted into malt and subjected to thorough 

 extraction with water. Grains contain all the husk of the 

 barley and also the bulk of the albuminoids, but the greater 

 part of the starch has been removed. 



On farms in the neighbourhood of the brewery the grains 

 are used in the wet condition as removed from the "mash 

 tun," but for purposes of transportation to greater distances 

 they are dried by special machinery until the moisture- content 

 has been reduced to 10-15 per cent., and are then sold as 

 "dried grains." 



Wet grains are used practically only for milking cows, and 

 are believed to promote the flow of milk. The opinion is 

 general, however, that the increased yield of milk is accom- 

 panied by a deterioration in the quality of the milk if more 

 than very moderate amounts of wet grains be fed. These 

 opinions have not yet been adequately tested by experiment, 

 but they receive no support from the results thus far obtained. 

 Wet grains rapidly ferment and become sour on keeping, and 

 hence cannot be stocked in large quantities. 



Dried grains have proved to be an excellent food alike for 



