304 Concentrated Feeding-stuffs. [July, 



fattening cattle, milking cows, sheep, and horses. They 

 seem to have a special value for sheep, excellent results having 

 been obtained with mixtures of dried grains and decorticated 

 cotton cake. 



Malt Dust (Malt Culms, Coombs, Combings, or Sprouts) 

 consists of the sprouts rubbed off the dried germinated barley 

 in its conversion to malt. It is a highly digestible and 

 palatable food, but an appreciable proportion of the material 

 that is digested consists of amides, organic acids, and other 

 ingredients of low nutritive value. These ingredients impart 

 to the food a sharp, appetising flavour, however, and the 

 condimental effect thus produced is highly valued, especially 

 for milking cows. This food is not suitable, however, for 

 cows when approaching the time of calving. 



The Pulse Grains. — These include the various forms of 

 beans and peas, all of which are rich in albuminoids. Apart 

 from the soy bean they are poor in oil, ordinary beans and 

 peas containing only about ij per cent. They are quite 

 different in composition from the cereal grains, being much 

 richer in albuminoids and correspondingly poorer in carbo- 

 hydrates. The great estimation in which beans and peas, in 

 the form of meal, are held for dairy cows is due to their 

 richness in albuminoids and the beneficial influence which 

 they exercise upon the quality of butter. Where it is intended 

 to fatten cattle without cake or dried grains, some addition 

 of beans or peas to the concentrated food is considered 

 desirable by many farmers. These foods swell up consider- 

 ably when soaked in water, and hence must not be fed dry 

 in large quantities. 



The Cereal Grains. — These include wheat, barley, rye, 

 oats, and. maize, which may all be grouped together as 

 essentially carbohydrate, or starchy, foods. They contain 

 roughly 60 to 70 per cent, of carbohydrates, 10 to 12 per cent, 

 of albuminoids, and 2 to 5 per cent, of oil or fat. 



The only class of stock to which wheat is generally given 

 is poultry, and for poultry feeding it is unexcelled by any 

 single food except, perhaps, short white oats. 



Barley usually commands a price in this country that pre- 

 cludes its being profitably used as a food for farm stock- 

 Inferior samples, unfit for malting, may be used for the 

 same purposes as maize. 



