68 



CULINARY OR KITCHEN GARDEN. 



when most other beans are done. It is known 

 as the Toker, and is the Feve de Windsor verte 

 of the French. Weight of seed, 36 to 37 grains. 



11. Red Windsor. — In character similar to 

 the last two, differing, however, in the beans 

 being of a light red colour while young, and 

 dark red when ripe, which renders it seldom 

 sought after. The French have a bean very 

 similar, under the name of Feve violette. 

 Weight of seed, 31^ grains. 



12. Green China. — From 2 to 2| feet in 

 height. Not much cultivated, but is deserving 

 of greater notice on account of its productive- 

 ness and coming in late ; pods long, cylindrical, 

 containing three or four beans, which remain 

 green when dry. Much cultivated on the Con- 

 tinent, and known as the Feve verte de la 

 Chine. — Bon. Jard., edit. 1835. 



13. Dwarf crimson seeded. — Esteemed only on 

 account of its earliness and dwarf habit, in both 

 of which it exceeds all the other beans, seldom 

 attaining a foot in height. Pods produced in 

 great abundance, about 2 inches long, well filled 

 with beans of a crimson colour, and nearly as 

 large as the Jong pod. Known as Vilmorin's 

 dwarf red seeded. This is the Feve tres naine 

 rouge, nain rouge, of the French. 



The varieties of beans have not increased by 

 any means in the same ratio as pease, for which 

 both cultivators and seedsmen ought to be 

 thankful. As a selection from the above, we 

 would recommend Nos. 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9 ; and 

 No. 5, where delicacy of flavour, at the expense 

 of a moderate return, is no object. 



Gregory's early hang-down is merely seed 

 selected from No. 6. The thick-seeded Windsor, 

 Child's long pod, green long pod, Sangster's 

 imperial long pod, green fan or cluster, and 

 other names found in catalogues, are scarcely 

 worth the attention of the cultivator. 



Insects and Diseases. — The bean is liable, 

 particularly in dry sea- 

 sons, to the attacks of the 

 Aphis fabce, the black-fly 

 collier, or, as it is in many 

 places called, the dolphin. 

 It is a species of plant- 

 louse. It attacks the young 

 stalks towards their tops, 

 and the leaves also; and 

 in a few days after their 

 appearance, like all the 

 Aphis family, it multiplies 

 in prodigious numbers, 

 rendering the top of the 

 plants a mass of sooty 

 blackness. Fig. 12 shows 



LADYBIRDS. 



GRUB AND CHRYSALIS 

 OF THE LADYBIRD. 



WINGLESS FEMALE OF 

 THE BEAN APHIS. 



WINGED MALE OF THE BEAN APHIS 



the female wingless insect ; while fig. 13 ex- 

 hibits the male. The ladybirds — of which 

 there are two, the constant inhabitants of gar- 

 dens, Coccinella bipunctata, fig. 14, a, the two- 

 spotted ladybird, and Coccinella septem-punctata, 

 „. 1 . 6, seven-spotted lady- 



'" ~ bird — are their great- 



est natural enemies, as 

 they are to all the 

 Aphis tribe. The 

 grub of the ladybird 

 is shown, fig. 15, a, 

 and the chrysalis b. 

 They devour them in astonishing numbers ; and 

 therefore, for this service, and from being 

 harmless themselves, they rank amongst those 

 insects which should be protected with the 

 greatest care. The 

 most ready means, and 

 that generally follow- 

 ed, in ridding our- 

 selves of the Aphis 

 fabai, is to cut off the 

 affected tops, put them 

 in a bag, and consign 

 them to the nearest 

 fire. It is useless to 

 cut off the tops and 

 leave them on the 

 ground; for even the 

 wingless females will 

 soon reascend the 

 plants, and the winged males speedily regain 

 their former station. The operation of topping 

 beans lessens greatly the multiplication of these 

 insects, as it is the young and most tender leaves 

 and tops that they 

 Fig. 16. prefer to attack. Dust- 



ing the plants with 

 caustic lime in powder, 

 tobacco juice and 

 fumigation, Scotch 

 snuff, sulphur, helle- 

 bore dusted over them 

 in a state of powder, 

 and a variety of other 

 means, have been 

 adopted, all having 

 more or less effect ; 

 but topping is the radical cure after all. The 

 humble-bee (Bombus terrestris L., and B. loco- 

 rum), works considerable damage to the bean 

 crop, by perforating the flowers on the upper 

 side of the calyx 

 Fig. 17. with its mandibles, 



and inserting its 

 proboscis into the 

 nectary to secure 

 the honey contained 

 therein. This ope- 

 ration is necessarily 

 of great injury to 

 the crop, as the ma- 

 jority of the flowers 

 so probed are not 

 able to perfect their 

 seed. 



Several species of the extensive genus Sitona 

 (weevils) are often very destructive, not only to 



SITOVA CANINA. 



OTIORHYNCHUS PICIPES 



