240 



CULINARY OR KITCHEN GARDEN. 



long tap-roots ; plant in moist deep ground, for 

 this plant is half an aquatic, and set. them in 

 rows 3 feet apart and the plants 2 feet distant 

 in the line, for they are tall and strong growers. 

 They should not be cut the first year, but in 

 the second they will be in fine condition ; and 

 if the first cutting take place in May, a second 

 crop will be obtained; and thus on for several 

 years, if the plants are prevented from running 

 to seed, after which they must be cut down 

 and a new plantation formed. Twelve plants will 

 be enough for a small garden, and half an ounce 

 'of seed sufficient. They are sometimes increased 

 by taking side-slips from the edges of the roots, 

 but this is only a make-shift mode. The seed 

 will keep for three or four years. 



The European names are — Angelique in 

 French ; Die angelika in German ; Engelwortel 

 in Dutch ; Angelica in Italian and Portuguese ; 

 Anjelica in Spanish; Angelika in Russian; 

 Dziegiel ogrodny in Polish. 



Caraway (Carum carui L.) belongs to the 

 natural order Umbelliferae, sub-order Ortho- 

 spermae, and tribe Ammineae, and to the class 

 Pentandria and order Digynia in the Linnaean 

 arrangement. The generic name is derived from 

 Caria, in Asia Minor, of which the plant is a 

 native. It is now accounted a native of Britain, 

 but the origin of its name, and the positive 

 manner in which Pliny mentions from whence 

 it sprang, refute this opinion. It is more than 

 probable the Romans introduced it into Britain, 

 as well as sundry other plants which modern Bri- 

 tish botanists have claimed as being indigenous, 

 or absolute natives, without giving due consi- 

 deration to the possibility of their having only 

 escaped from gardens, and become so far na- 

 turalised as to grow without culture. That 

 shrewd old botanist Gerard makes no mention 

 of its being found growing wild in England, 

 but says it grows abundantly in Germany and 

 Bohemia "in fat and fruitful fields." Ray is 

 the earliest author we have found who thought 

 it a native, and states that " it grows wild in 

 several places in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire ; " 

 but Ray flourished about a century after Gerard, 

 who was born in 1545, while Ray was engaged 

 in pomological matters so late as 1688. This 

 plant is cultivated in gardens for its under 

 leaves, which are sometimes put into soups, and 

 the young ones often into salads, and in for- 

 mer times the roots were eaten as parsnips. It 

 is largely grown, particularly in Essex, for the 

 seed, which is used for distillation and confec- 

 tionary purposes. The seeds are used by cot- 

 tagers to mix with their bread, and the Dutch 

 introduced it into cheese. Unless for the seed, 

 three or four plants are sufficient for a small 

 garden. 



It is propagated by seeds, which should be 

 sown in autumn, as soon as they are ripe, in 

 drills half an inch deep and 2 feet asunder, 

 thinning out the plants to 18 inches in the 

 lines. Like all aromatic plants, a poor light, 

 but in this case a deep, soil should be chosen. 

 A quarter of an ounce of seed is sufficient for 

 most gardens. 



The European names are — Le carvi in French ; 

 Der kummel in German ; Karwey in Dutch ; 



il Carvi in Italian ; Alcaravea in Spanish ; Al- 

 caravia in Portuguese ; Timon in Russian ; 

 Karny in Polish ; and Kommen in Danish. 



Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) belongs 

 to the natural order Umbelliferae, sub-order 

 Coilospermae, and tribe Coriandreae, and to the 

 class Pentandria and order Digynia in the Lin- 

 naean arrangement. The generic name is de- 

 rived from Koris, a bug, from the smell of the 

 leaves. Indigenous to England, in corn-fields. 

 In gardens it is cultivated for the same pur- 

 poses as chervil, the young tender leaves being 

 used in soups and salads. It is propagated by 

 seed, which should be sown in February, in 

 light dry soil, in drills half an inch in depth and 

 15 inches apart, thinning out the plants to 9 

 or 10 inches in the lines. The plants soon run 

 up to seed during summer ; therefore, where a 

 constant supply is required, sowings should be 

 made every month from February to July. 

 Sowings made during August and September 

 should be on a warm dry border, and be pro- 

 tected during winter with a frame and glass. 



The European names are — La coriandre in 

 French ; Der koriander in German, Dutch, and 

 Russian ; Coriandro in Italian ; Cilantro in Spa- 

 nish ; Coentro in Portuguese. 



Marigold {Calendula officinalis L. — common 

 pot-marigold) belongs to the natural order Com- 

 positae, sub-order Heliantheae, and the class Syn- 

 genesia, and order Necessaria, in the Linnsean 

 arrangement. The generic name is derived from 

 Calendar, first day of the month, on account of 

 its flowering monthly, or rather from its being 

 observed to flower most about the Calends of 

 every month. It is a native of the south of 

 Europe, and was cultivated in this country prior 

 to 1573. The flowers are used in broths and 

 soups ; and in certain dairies they are put into 

 the cream, before churning, to give the butter a 

 better colour. In Holland, the flowers are 

 dried for the purpose of being put into winter 

 broths, and for this purpose are to be found in 

 most grocers' shops throughout that country, 

 packed tightly in barrels, and sold by the ounce, 

 for few broths are made without them. 



The common or pot marigold is a hardy an- 

 nual plant, which should be sown in March or 

 April, in any ordinary garden-soil, in drills 15 

 inches asunder and half an inch in depth. 

 When the plants come up, thin them to 9 inches 

 apart ; but all this depends, as it does in all 

 similar cases, on the richness or poverty of the 

 soil. The flowers will appear in June, July, 

 August, &c, and should be gathered for use 

 when expanded fully ; and for drying, when they 

 are quite dry, and preserved as has been recom- 

 mended for other herbs. As it is a showy 

 flowery plant, and grown in most flower-gardens, 

 for ordinary supplies, enough may be procured 

 from that source — as the more the flowers are 

 gathered, the longer the plant will continue in 

 vigorous production. 



The European names are — Le souci de jardin 

 in French ; Die ringelblume in German ; Goud- 

 blcem in Dutch ; Calendula in Italian and Spa- 

 nish ; Nogotki in Russian ; Nogietek in Polish. 

 Two packets, each 3d., are sufficient for a me- 

 dium-sized garden. 



