THE PEAR. 



455 



such as we grow against walls, was very much 

 smaller, and less perfect in form. Jersey and 

 Guernsey are famous for this pear, there attain- 

 ing a larger size and finer quality than we ever 

 recollect to have found them on the Continent. 

 This is of French origin, and has been long in 

 cultivation, and was about the earliest intro- 

 duced really good pear from that country. As 

 a wall-tree on a west exposure it ripens well in 

 the north of Perthshire. Synonyms — Oxford 

 Chaumontel, Jersey Chanmontel, Bezi de Chau- 

 montei, Beurre d'Eiver, Winter beurre. 



Citron des Carmes. — Colour yellowish green ; 

 form obovate ; size medium ; quality one of the 

 best early pears. Tree hardy and an abundant 

 bearer. Succeeds in most places as a standard. 

 To secure its early ripening, it will require the 

 aid of an east or west wall. Synonym — Mag- 

 dalene, Madeleine. 



Colmar. — Colour greenish yellow and brown ; 

 form obtuse pyriform ; size above medium ; 

 quality excellent. In use from | November till 

 February. Tree rather tender, requiring a wall 

 in most parts of Britain. A very old French 

 variety, and now long cultivated in our gardens. 

 Synonyms — D'Auch, de Manne, Colmar Dore, 

 Incomparable, Poire Manne, Bergamotte Tardife. 



Colmar Neil.— Colour pale yellow ; form obo- 

 vate ; size large ; quality excellent. Succeeds 

 in many favourable places as a standard; an 

 excellent bearer. It has ripened as a pyramidal 

 standard in the gardens at Dalkeith. 



Columbia. — Colour pale green, turning, when 

 ripe, to a fine golden yellow; form obovate, some- 

 what elongated ; size large ; quality first-rate. 

 In use from November to January. Of Ameri- 

 can origin, and there highly esteemed as a valu- 

 able market and dessert fruit. Tree hardy, an 

 abundant bearer, and fruits while young. Syno- 

 nyms — Colombian Virgalieu, Colombia Virgalouse. 



Comte de Lamy. — Colour pale-greenish brown ; 

 form roundish ovate ; size rather under medium ; 

 quality first-rate. In use in October. Succeeds 

 well in the south as a standard, and has as such 

 ripened in the gardens at Dalkeith ; but highly 

 deserving a wall in every garden in the north of 

 England, and generally in Scotland. Of Flemish 

 origin. Synonyms — Beurre curte, Dingier, Marie 

 Louise nova, Marie Louise the Second. 



Copea. — Colour yellow, with specks of russet; 

 form broad turbinate ; size large ; quality good. 

 In use during September and October. Some- 

 what resembling the Beurre diel in flavour. 

 Tree hardy, and an abundant bearer. Originated 

 a few years ago at Philadelphia. 



Crassane. — Colour greenish brown ; form 

 roundish ; size large, when not overcropped ; 

 quality first-rate when in a favourable climate ; 

 gritty when in too cold a situation. In use in 

 November and December. Requires a wall in 

 most parts of Britain. Synonyms — Beurre Plat, 

 Bergamotte crassane, Cresane. An old French 

 variety, long cultivated in Britain. 



Crassane, Althorp.— Colour greenish brown ; 

 form roundish ovate ; size rather under medium; 

 quality excellent. In use in October and No- 

 vember. Of English origin, raised by the late 

 T. A. Knight, Esq. Tree much hardier than the 

 former, and succeeding well as a standard in 



most favourable places. Well worthy of a wall 

 in the colder parts of Scotland and north of 

 England. 



Crassane, winter. — Colour greenish yellow and 

 brown ; form turbinate ; size large ; quality ex- 

 cellent. In use in January. Tree hardy and 

 an abundant bearer, suitable to similar situations 

 as the last. 



Cashing. — Colour light-greenish yellow, sprin- 

 kled with small grey dots ; form obovate ; size 

 large ; quality excellent. In use about the 

 middle of September. Another excellent pear 

 of American origin. 



Dearborn's seedling. — Colour pale yellow ; 

 form obovate ; size medium ; quality excellent. 

 In use in September and October. Tree hardy 

 and an abundant bearer, succeeding well as a 

 standard in most places. Of American origin, 

 in which country it is held in high repute. It 

 is somewhat allied to the White Doyenne, and 

 probably sprang from a seed of that variety. 



De Louvain. — Colour light yellow, slightly 

 marked with russet, taking a ruddy tinge next 

 the sun ; form obovate, slightly tapering towards 

 the stalk ; size medium ; quality excellent. In 

 use from September till the beginning of De- 

 cember. Raised by Dr Van Mons of Louvain 

 in 1827. Synonym — Poire de Louvain. 



Dix. — Colour deep yellow, marked with russet 

 dots ; form oblong ; size large ; quality excel- 

 lent. In use in October and November. Another 

 American pear of very great excellence, origi- 

 nated near Boston, about forty years since. It 

 is described by Mr Downing as " a fruit of the 

 highest excellence, and well deserves the atten- 

 tion of all planters." It is one of the hardiest of 

 pear trees, and although the tree does not come 

 into bearing until it has attained a considerable 

 size, yet it produces abundantly, and from its 

 habit will undoubtedly prove remarkably long 

 lived and free from disease. 



Downton. — Colour yellowish brown ; form 

 pyriform ; size rather under medium ; quality 

 good. In use in January and February. Of 

 English origin, having been raised by the late 

 T. A. Knight, Esq. Tree hardy and an abun- 

 dant bearer, succeeding well in most places as a 

 standard. 



Doyenne blanc. — Colour pale yellow ; in most 

 respects resembling the next, except in colour. 

 In use in September and October. An excellent 

 bearer, and where it succeeds as a standard in 

 the southern countries its fruit is superior to 

 that grown on a wall. It has no less than 

 twenty-five synonyms — a proof of its excellence, 

 and the extent to which it is cultivated, as well 

 as of the great confusion that exists in pomolo- 

 gical nomenclature, and the necessity of syno- 

 nyms being strictly attached to all fruit-tree 

 lists. These are — White beurre, White autumn 

 beurre, Beurre blanc, Beurre du Hoi of some, 

 Beurre Anglaise, White Doyenne, Dean's, Snow 

 pear, Poire neige, Poire de lemon, Poire de seign- 

 eur, Pine pear, Warwick Bergamot St Michel, 

 Bonne-ente, A courte quesse, Monsieur Citron, de 

 September, Passe Colmar d'automne of some, Va- 

 lencia. 



Doyenne gris. — Colour russety red ; form 

 obovate ; size rather under medium ; quality 



