THE PEAK. 



457 



mar d'Hiver, Beurre Hardenpont, Beurre d'Hiver 

 nouvelle, Beurre de Cambron, Roi de Wurtemberg, 

 Gloux morceaux, Hardenpont d' Hirer, Got luc de 

 Cambron, Linden d'Automne. This excellent 

 pear has got into disrepute in some localities, 

 on account of its not ripening. In cold climates 

 this is the case when wrought upon the pear 

 stock ; on the quince it ripens well in most parts 

 of Scotland — a circumstance pointed out by Mr 

 Rivers, even in the superior climate of Hert- 

 fordshire. On the quince stock we have little 

 doubt that this pear would ripen against a wall 

 even in the Highlands. 



Groom's Princess-Royal . — Colour greenish 

 brown, slightly traced with russet ; form round- 

 ish ; size medium ; quality excellent. In use 

 during January and February. Tree hardy and 

 a good bearer as a standard. This is a very re- 

 cent addition to our English pears, having been 

 raised by Mr Groom, the well-known florist. 



Hacon's incomparable. — Colour brownish 

 green ; size above medium ; form roundish. In 

 use from November to January, or later. Qua- 

 lity excellent. Tree very hardy, and an excel- 

 lent bearer, succeeding in most places as a stan- 

 dard. Synonym — Downham seedling. Origi- 

 nated with Mr Hacon of Downham Market, Nor- 

 folk. On the pear stock it requires from seven 

 to ten years before it comes into a bearing 

 state, fruiting on the quince stock much sooner. 

 Blossoms seldom injured by spring-frosts. 



Harvard. — Colour russety olive yellow, with a 

 brownish-red side next the sun ; form oblong py- 

 riform ; size rather above medium ; quality " one 

 of the best and most profitable orchard pears to 

 plant in quantity for market purposes. It pro- 

 duces enormous crops of fine-looking fruit, 

 which is of fair quality, and commands the best 

 prices. The tree is remarkably hardy and vigor- 

 ous, its upright shoots forming a fine head." — 

 (Downing.) It is of American origin, and well 

 worth the attention of orchardists in this coun- 

 try as a substitute to the trashy sorts so gene- 

 rally grown, its only fault being its not keep- 

 ing. Synonyms — Boston Esparne, Cambridge 

 s ugar pear. 



Hessel. — Colour brown ; size below medium ; 

 form obovate ; of value not so much for high 

 flavour as for its wonderful productiveness, for 

 which reason it is extensively grown for the mar- 

 ket, and it of all early autumn pears is the best 

 adapted for cottage culture, and this the more 

 so as the trees are of moderate growth. Very 

 hardy, and fitted for all situations. Originated 

 at the village of Hessel near Hull. 



Jargonelle (of the English.)— Colour yellow- 

 ish brown ; size large ; form pyramidal ; qua 

 lity the best of its season. In use in August 

 and September. Tree hardy in pear soils ; apt 

 to canker when grown as a standard in light 

 soils. Ripens as a standard in most parts of 

 Scotland, and attains a high flavour, but to grow 

 it to its full size and beauty a west or east wall is 

 required. We have two jargonelles in cultivation 

 — the one called the English and the other 

 the French. It is highly probable that both 

 were introduced here from France. On this 

 Mr Downing remarks, " Although called by 

 Thomson the English jargonelle, to distinguish 



it from the fruit more common under that name 

 on the Continent, there is no doubt that it 

 was introduced originally from France. Anti- 

 quarians derive its name from Gergon, Italian, 

 a corruption of Grcecum, whence Merlet sup- 

 poses it to be the Numidianum Gro?cum of 

 Pliny, and the Grceculum of Macrobius. This, 

 if correct, would prove it to be a very ancient 

 sort." Synonyms — Gross cuisse madame, Sweet 

 summer, Espargne, Saint Sampson, Beau pre- 

 sent. Saint Lambert, Poire des tables des princes 

 Frauenschenkel. Tree of strong yet pendulous 

 growth. 



Jargonelle (of the French). — Colour light 

 green, becoming lemon-colour, with a tinge of 

 red on the sunny side when ripe ; form obovate ; 

 size medium; quality very inferior to the last, 

 and decaying soon at the heart. In use during 

 August. Tree of strong upright growth ; much 

 cultivated in France, and there recognised as 

 the Cuisse Madame. Synonyms — Sabine d'Ete, 

 Supreme, Vermillion d'Ete, Bellissime d'Ete, 

 Bellissime Supreme, Bellissime Jargonelle, Red 

 Muscadel. 



Jean de Witte. — Colour brownish green; form 

 obovate ; size under medium. In use in January 

 and February. Quality excellent, something in 

 the way of the Glout Morceau, but keeps longer, 

 although not quite so rich. Tree hardy ; an 

 excellent bearer as a standard tree around Lon- 

 don ; does not appear to succeed so well in the 

 north, unless planted against a wall. 



Lawrence. — Colour pale yellowish green, 

 slightly marked with palish brown; form obovate, 

 tapering to an obtuse end; size above medium ; 

 quality excellent. In use from October to 

 March, ripening regularly in succession, and not 

 liable to rot. This is another American pear of 

 considerable merit. Downing informs us that 

 it rose from seed in Flushing, Long Island, in 

 the neighbourhood of two other pear trees only, 

 the St Germain and the White Loynne, and 

 bears some proofs, in its qualities, of being a 

 natural cross between the two. 



Louise Bonne (of Jersey). — Colour greenish- 

 brown and red; form pyramidal; size above me- 

 dium, when not overloaded; quality good. In 

 use in October. This excellent pear is claimed 

 by the English as a Jersey fruit, and by the 

 French for the neighbourhood of Avranches. It 

 was first brought into notice in 1820, when speci- 

 mens of the fruit were exhibited at the London 

 Horticultural Society Rooms, from the garden 

 of General Gordon of Jersey. It is now in very 

 general cultivation, and succeeds well as a stand- 

 ard in most gardens. Synonyms — William the 

 Fourth, Louise Bonne a 1 ' Avranches, Beurre ou 

 Bonne Louise d'Araudore. We have adopted 

 the synonyms given by Mr Thomson in the 

 " Fruit Catalogue of the Horticultural Society," 

 and the description from fruit grown for several 

 years in the Dalkeith gardens. The Louise 

 Bonne of Jersey of Mr Rivers appears by his 

 description to be different. In a foot-note in 

 his Descriptive Catalogue of Pears, he says, "This 

 is {that is, his variety) the Louise Bonne dAv- 

 ranches of the French; the true Louise Bonne 

 of Jersey is an inferior variety, ripening earlier 

 in the season." We have trees of both varieties. 



