THE CHERRY. 



543 



is the most popular and most universally culti- 

 vated cherry in existence, thriving almost equally 

 well in all countries, situations, and soils. " May 

 duke " is said to be a corruption of Medoc, a dis- 

 trict in France where this variety (the type of 

 all the class now called Dukes) is believed to 

 have originated. Synonyms — Early duke, Early 

 May duke, Large May duke, Morris's duke, Mor- 

 ris's early duke, Benkam's fine early duke, Thomp- 

 son's duke, Portugal duke, Buchanan's early duke, 

 Millet's late heart duke, Anglaise, Royale hdtive, 

 Cherry duke of some, and various other Conti- 

 nental names, as may be supposed to be the 

 case with a cherry of such universal culture. 



Morello. — Size large; form oblate heart- 

 shaped ; colour dark red ; ripens July and 

 August. A most valuable and well-known 

 cherry, extremely hardy, and valuable for pre- 

 serving purposes. Its name is said to be derived 

 from the dark purple colour of its juice, which 

 resembles the morns or mulberry, or, as others 

 will have it, from the French morelle (a negress), 

 from the dark and shining skin. In America 

 the true Morello has, according to Downing, not 

 been extensively grown, theirs being a small 

 and inferior variety. Synonyms — Dutch morello, 

 Milan, Large morello, Black morello, Late morello, 

 (not Rumsey's late morello, which see), Ronald's 

 morello, Sir Herbert Taylor's morello, which, by 

 the way, is no doubt an improved variety of this, 

 at one time grown in the royal gardens at 

 Hampton Court. 



Morello, Frogmore new. — This new and ex- 

 cellent variety has recently been brought into 

 notice on account of the very great perfection 

 it has been brought to in the royal gardens at 

 Frogmore, in which we believe it originated. 

 So far as we are aware, the stock is confined to 

 Mr Small's nursery, Colonbrook, near Windsor. 

 For productiveness and size it far surpasses the 

 old Morello, and should, on these merits alone, 

 find a place in every garden. 



Morello, Rumseys late. — Size large, often pro- 

 ducing its fruit in pairs ; form roundish ; colour, 

 before fully ripe, of a light yellowish red colour, 

 becoming at maturity a rich lively red, with a 

 distinct suture line on one side. " A few of the 

 fruit commence ripening about the first of 

 August, even in America, while many on the 

 tree are yet small and green, and they continue 

 ripening gradually until the first frosts." — Fruits 

 and Fruit Trees of America, p. 199. Originated 

 about fifteen years ago on the banks of the 

 Hudson, U.S. 



Royal duke. — Size large ; form oblate ; colour 

 dark red; ripens middle of July. Tree hardy 

 and a good bearer, succeeding in ripening to the 

 May duke. It is readily known from the Late 

 duke and Archduke by its upright growth, which 

 is similar to that of the May duke. Synonyms — 

 Anglaise, Anglaise tardive. 



Tartarian, black. — Size large ; form oblate 

 heart-shaped; colour black, ripens end of June; 

 quality first-rate. A very excellent cherry. 

 Introduced to Britain about 1796, from Russia, 

 by Mr John Fraser. The tree is remarkable for 

 its rapid growth and the large size of its leaves. 

 Synonyms — Tartarian, Fraser's black heart, 

 Eraser's black, Fraser s Tartarische, Erasers 



black Tartarian, Ronald's heart, Bonald's large 

 black heart, Black Circassian, Superb Circassian. 



Tartarian, white. — Size medium ; form oblate 

 heart-shaped; colour pale yellow; ripens begin- 

 ning of July. Tree rapid in growth ; leaves 

 large. Introduced in 1794 by Mr John Fraser, 

 an enterprising botanist and traveller in Russia, 

 and afterwards a nurseryman at Chelsea. Plants 

 of both this variety and the last got into the 

 Brentford nursery, and for reasons which may 

 not be difficult to comprehend, but difficult to 

 reconcile with honourable transactions, became 

 speedily disseminated under the cognomen of 

 the head of the Brentford establishment. Syno- 

 nyms — Fraser's white Tartarian, Fraser's white 

 transparent, Amber a petit fruit. 



They are both probably natives of Circassia, 

 although it has been stated that the Black Tar- 

 tarian originated in Spain, from whence it was 

 transmitted to the gardens of Russia. In wall 

 and espalier training the Tartarian cherries, 

 from the size of their foliage and strength of 

 shoots, require to be laid in at a greater distance 

 from each other than any other section, the 

 Bigarreaus excepted. 



Waterloo. — Size large; form oblate heart- 

 shaped ; colour black ; ripens beginning of July. 

 Tree of irregular growth ; moderate bearer. 

 Originated with Mr Knight by fertilising the 

 Bigarreau with the pollen of the May duke. 

 Named in consequence of its having produced 

 its first fruit about the time of the battle of 

 Waterloo. 



White heart. — Size medium ; form heart- 

 shaped ; colour pale yellowish red, somewhat 

 resembling the Bigarreau; ripens end of July. 

 Fruit growing in pairs, and often in threes. An 

 old and much esteemed fruit, which, together 

 with the Black corone and Kentish cherries, 

 were cried about the streets of London a century 

 ago, and sold for one penny per lb. This, like 

 most of our best cherries, is of French origin. 

 Tree, when planted as a standard, rather 

 straggling in growth ; on walls or espaliers, the 

 branches being slender, and leaves, although 

 long, neither very broad nor closely set, they 

 may be laid in closer than most others, the 

 Morellos excepted. Synonyms — Amber heart, 

 Dredge's early white heart, White transparent. 

 There is an Early white heart described by 

 Downing, which would appear to be different 

 from this, although introduced to America from 

 France. Of its form he says, " The tree grows 

 rather erect, with a distaff-like head when 

 young," which does not agree with the habit of 

 the one under consideration, although it does in 

 the following, " In the nursery the young trees 

 are easily known by their long and slender 

 shoots, with few branches." 



Geans. — That section of the cherry tribe which 

 includes the Guignes or Geans is extremely 

 neglected, especially in England and America. 

 This remark may be met by asserting the 

 superior climate they enjoy, which enables them 

 to cultivate the higher grades of cherries. Yet 

 on the continent of Europe, with an equal 

 climate, we find them cultivated extensively, 

 and in great variety. In Scotland more atten- 

 tion has been paid to this section, and they 



