578 



FRUIT GARDEN. 



to that recommended by Hayward for apples 

 and pears (vide figs. 152 and 153), the advantages 

 would be great, and the appearance novel. Such 

 late-keeping sorts as the Warrington might be 

 kept on bushes thus trained till destroyed by 

 the frost ; and although that sort is considered a 

 coarse thick-skinned fruit, still if thoroughly 

 ripened, which it is seldom allowed to be, it 

 becomes not only highly flavoured, but the skin 

 softens into an agreeable pulpy-like conserve. 



Summer pruning. — In proportion to the health 

 of the plants and richness of the soil will be 

 the quantity and strength of the young wood 

 produced. Were the removal of this young 

 wood fx-om the centre of the bushes in particu- 

 lar of no other advantage than admitting light 

 and air to the fruit and buds, it would amply 

 repay the trouble. It renders also the opera- 

 tion of gathering the fruit much more easily 

 effected, and must improve its flavour. The 

 terminating young shoots must not, however, be 

 shortened ; and hence the barbarous method 

 proposed by some, of using the hedge-shears in 

 performing the operation, must be considered 

 as opposed to good culture. The centre of these 

 plants should always be kept open and clear, 

 and therefore such shoots as arise there may 

 with every propriety be removed, and that close 

 to the old wood from which they spring. Short- 

 ening the lateral shoots about the period of the 

 fruit ripening, by nipping off a few inches of 

 their points, will have a tendency to arrest the 

 rapid ascent of the sap, and throw more of it 

 into the buds at their base, which, according 

 to the spurring system, will strengthen the buds 

 which are to form the future bearing spurs. 

 Some object to this, and, indeed, to much of 

 what is called summer-pruning, on the ground 

 that in proportion to the number of leaves so 

 will the action of the roots be ; but we see little 

 advantage in causing the roots to draw nourish- 

 ment from the soil for no other purpose than 

 that of the formation of wood that is certain to be 

 cut out at the winter pruning and thrown away. 

 Severe summer pruning, when done all at once, 

 may be injurious to the functions of the plant ; 

 but for this there is no absolute necessity, as 

 these shoots may be removed progressively, and 

 if so, before they have attained any consider- 

 able size. A species, therefore, of disbudding 

 would be the most judicious plan. 



SELECT LIST. 



Several attempts at a classification of this 

 fruit have been attempted ; that of the Manches- 

 ter list is perhaps sufficient for all useful pur- 

 poses. The principal divisions are founded on 

 colour — red, green, white, and yellow ; and the 

 subdivisions as to the skin being smooth, hairy, 

 or downy. In the Hort. Soc. classification, two 

 other subdivisions are added, founded on the form 

 of the fruit, as to whether it is round or oblong. 



Those marked thus * are the Lancashire prize, 

 or extra large sorts. 



Skin whitish. — * Abraham Newland, * Bonny 

 lass, Bright Venus, Caldwell white, * Captain 

 (white), Champagne white, * Cheshire lass, Crys- 

 tal, * Eagle, * Fleur-de-lis, * Lady of the manor, 

 Lion white, *Lion, * Manchester white, * Nichols 



seedling, Orleans white, Ostrich, * Queen of 

 Sheba, Queen Caroline, * Kadical, * Wellington's 

 glory, * White Briton, White rose, * White 

 wine, * Whitesmith, Blunderbuss, Calderbank's 

 white, Crawford's seedling, Dreadnought, Early 

 white, Gascoigne white, Leader, Old Briton, 

 Royal white, White eagle, White rasp. 



Skin greenish white. — * Governess, Hedge- 

 hog, * Princess-royal, Queen Charlotte, * Thrash- 

 er, Large early white, Piatt's white, Queen 

 Anne, Speedwell. 



Skin yellow and smooth. — Amber Ball, Yel- 

 low, * Bonny Roger, * Bunker's Hill, * Cheshire 

 cheese, * Duckwing, * Golden chain (Forbes), 



* Smiling beauty, Braid's glory. 



Skin yellow. — Andrew Fairservice, * Bird- 

 lime, * English yellow, Globe yellow, Golden 

 chain, Golden orange, * Leader, * Leader 

 (Piggot's), Pilot, Yellow (Davis). 



Skin yellow and downy. — * Britannia, Golden 

 drop, * Prince of Orange, Rumbullion, Battle of 

 the Nile. 



Skin yelloio and hispid. — Champagne yellow, 



* Cottage girl, Golden lion, Goodall's seedling, 



* Jolly gunner, * Jolly Nailor, * Rookwood, 

 Sulphur or rough yellow, Yellow Smith, Sul- 

 phur*, Early, or Chedle's golden lion, or Golden 

 ball, or Moss's seedling, Aston, Atlas, Golden 

 sovereign. 



Skin greenish yelloio. — * Conqueror, * Tim 

 Bobbin, * Viper, Nelson's waves. 



Skin red. — * Bloodhound, * British crown, 



* Guido, * Wonder. 



Skin red and smooth. — * British queen, * Em- 

 peror Napoleon, Globe small red, Old England, 



* Prince Regent, Red Turkey, * Roaring lion, 



* Sportsman, Wilmot's early red, one of the 

 earliest in ripening. 



Skin red and downy. — Black Prince, * Farmers 

 glory, * Magistrate, Miss Bold, Walnut red, 

 Warrior, Admiral Rodney, Bloodhound, British 

 hero, Nonsuch. 



Skin red and hispid. — *Csesar, * Captain Red, 

 Champagne red, Cheshire lady, * Crown Bob, 

 Hole in the wall, * Huntsman, Irish plum, 

 Ironmonger, Ironmonger striped, Ironmonger 

 (Delvin), Jam or Raspberry, Jam Gogar, Jam 

 (Fletcher's) — of the Jams a considerable number 

 should be planted, for, as their name implies, 

 that conserve is made from them — Keen's seed- 

 ling, * Lancashire lad, Prize Porterfield, Rasp- 

 berry, * Rifleman, Rob Roy, Rough red (Pitmas- 

 ton), Rough red (Scotch), Rough red (small dark), 

 Shakespeare, * Sir John Cotgrave, * Top-sawyer, 



* Triumphant, * Warrington red, Yaxley hero, 

 Scotch best jam, Atlas, British lion, Conqueror, 

 Bell's fancy, Marquis of Stafford, Mogul, Overall, 

 Rifleman, Royal oak, Sappho, Shakespeare, Sir 

 Francis Burdett, Starling, Supreme, Victory. 



Skin green and smooth. — * Bumper, * Green 

 Providence, * Peacock, Porcupine, * Hedgehog, 

 Shaws, Green walnut, or Belmont green, or 

 Smooth green, or Nonpareil, Rumbullion, Heb- 

 burn, Green prolific. 



Skin green and smooth. — Favourite, Glory of 

 Ratcliff, Green gage, Green gage (Pitmaston), 



* Greenwood, * Heart of oak, * Hopley's Shan- 

 non, * Jolly farmer, * Jolly tar, Nonpareil, 



* Northern hero, * No bribery, Nutmeg Scotch, 



