754 



OPEN FLOWER-GARDEN. 



walls, arbours, and some of them, when budded 

 on high stems, even make excellent weepers. 



The foregoing roses are denominated Summer 

 roses, from the circumstance of their flowering 

 in June and July. Those which follow are called 

 Autumnal or Perpetual roses, from their flower- 

 ing from June till November. 



Hybrid perpetuate. — This invaluable and po- 

 pular class has been produced by crossing the 

 hybrid China roses with different varieties of 

 Chinas and Bourbons, the new progeny produc- 

 ing abundance of flowers during the whole of the 

 summer and autumn, and being hence denomi- 

 nated Hybrid perpetuals. While they are per- 

 haps the most useful and interesting of all the 

 classes of roses, they are hardy, and of easy 

 cultivation, calculated for being grown as dwarfs 

 or standards, and force with the greatest cer- 

 tainty of producing a fine bloom. In a family 

 so numerous as the Hybrid perpetuals, it is 

 natural to suppose that some are hardier than 

 others, and therefore better suited to colder and 

 more northern localities. Of these, Madame 

 Laffay, Rivers, Mrs Elliot, William Jesse, Dr 

 Marx, Comte d'Eu, Baronne Prevost, Lady Alice 

 Peel, Elizabeth Plantier, &c, may be planted, 

 with every prospect of success, even in high and 

 comparatively cold situations. Several sorts in 

 this section are well adapted for planting as pole 

 or pillar roses. All of them grow more freely, 

 and flower more abundantly, when budded on 

 stocks of the Dog-rose than when on their own 

 roots. They all require a moderately rich soil 

 and close pruning. Comte d'Eu and La Be- 

 doyere should, if for standards, be wrought on 

 the Manettii stock, or Boursault rose. De 

 Neuilly, Coquette de Bellevue, General Merlin, 

 Clementine Duval, are rather tender roses, re- 

 quiring a warm situation, and succeed best 

 when budded on the Manettii or Boursault 

 stocks. Melanie Cornu and Earl Talbot are w r ell 

 adapted for pot-culture and forcing. 



Damask perpetuals. — The parentage of this 

 family is difficult to trace. The old white and 

 red monthly roses no doubt have had a consi- 

 derable share in the production of some of them. 

 They are all remarkably fragrant, and of mo- 

 derate growth, forming excellent standards from 

 their tendency to form close and compact heads. 

 They are equally adapted for planting in beds as 

 dwarfs, and for pot-culture, and succeed better 

 when budded on low stocks of the Dog rose than 

 on their own roots. They require an exceedingly 

 rich, rather stiff soil, and close pruning. Per- 

 petual roses are difficult to root when layered, 

 which accounts for their being almost univer- 

 sally met with in nurseries budded on stocks of 

 the Dog rose or Manettii stock ; but when they 

 can be induced to root, such plants will be found 

 to thrive much better on poor dry soils than 

 when budded. On the subject of soil for this 

 family, Mr Rivers gives the following excellent 

 advice : " Perpetual roses require a superabun- 

 dant quantity of food ; it is, therefore, perfectly 

 ridiculous to plant them on dry lawns, to suffer 

 the grass to grow close up to their stems, and 

 not to give them a particle of manure for years. 

 Under these circumstances, the best varieties, 

 even the Rose du roi, will scarcely ever give a 



second series of flowers. To remedy the inimical 

 nature of dry soils to this class of roses, an 

 annual application of manure on the surface of 

 the soil is quite necessary. The ground must 

 not be dug, but lightly pricked over with a fork 

 in November, after which some manure must 

 be laid on about 2 or 3 inches in depth, which 

 ought not to be disturbed, except to clean with 

 the hoe and rake, till the following autumn. 

 This, in some situations, in the spring months, 

 will be unsightly. In such cases, cover with 

 some nice green moss." Our own practice is 

 to apply the manure in a liquid form. Nearly 

 all the Perpetuals force well, and if budded 

 on the Dog rose so much the better, as it 

 is both easily excited and requires little pot- 

 room. 



Perpetual Scotch. — Hybrids probably between 

 the Scotch roses and the Damask perpetual. 

 The Scotch perpetual and Stanwell perpetual 

 continue long in bloom, the latter commencing 

 to flower in May, and continuing at intervals 

 till the flowers are destroyed by the frost ; it is 

 the only one worth the notice of the private 

 grower. 



Bourbon rose, or Isle de Bourbon (Rosa Bour- 

 boniana). — Some of the most beautiful autumnal 

 roses belong to this family, the autumn, indeed, 

 being their peculiar season, few flowering prior 

 to the end of August. The type of the race is a 

 native of the Isle of Bourbon, and conjectured 

 to be a hybrid between the common China and 

 Red four seasons' roses. The first plant was 

 introduced to France in 1822, where it seeded 

 freely ; and having attracted the attention of 

 the leading rose-growers at Paris, they set to 

 work and propagated it extensively. It is prone 

 to produce seed, and consequently seminal 

 varieties ; and seed being chosen from the best of 

 these, in a few years not less than three or four 

 kindred varieties became registered in the French 

 rose-catalogues. The Bourbons are distinguished 

 for their fine foliage, compact habit of growth, 

 and for the profusion and long continuance of 

 their blooming. They succeed when budded 

 either on the Dog rose or Manettii stock, and also 

 when grown on their own roots. Mr Wood re- 

 marks of them, that those of compact habits 

 should not be grown on stocks much exceed- 

 ing 3 feet in height, as they rarely form fine 

 heads ; when grown in beds on their own roots, 

 a moderately rich soil and dry situation should 

 be selected ; where these cannot be obtained, 

 budded plants are preferable : the vigorous 

 kinds require moderate, and those of compact 

 habit close, pruning. Augustine Lelieur, Gloire 

 de Rosamene, Dubourg, Splendens, Crimson 

 globe, &c, form fine pillar-roses in this section 

 from amongst the older yet tried sorts ; and 

 Amenaide, Cardinal Fesch, Le Grenadier, Tri- 

 omphe de la Guillotine, Alfred, Virgil, &c, from 

 amongst those of more recent origin. 



Perpetual moss (Rosa centifolia). — This is a 

 small group, yet the idea of possessing moss 

 roses in October is pleasing; for who does not 

 admire a moss rose in bud ] Like the common 

 moss, they require high cultivation, rich soil, 

 hard pruning, and a warm situation. Of them 

 Perpetuelle Mauget is the best. Perpetual white 



