THE SHRUBBERY. 



785 



ciduous, thriving in any moderate soil, and 

 propagated by imported seed and by cutting3 

 of the roots. 



Arbutus. — Evergreen shrubs or small trees, 

 A. unedo and its varieties are propagated by 

 seed sown as soon as ripe, in light sandy soil, 

 under the protection of a cold frame or pit. 

 When the plants are about the height of an inch, 

 they should be pricked off, either into a sheltered 

 border, or where they can be slightly protected 

 during the first winter ; afterwards they may 

 be planted out in nursery lines like other ever- 

 greens. The other hardy sorts are increased by 

 being budded or inarched upon stocks of the 

 common arbutus, and all of them are occasion- 

 ally propagated by cuttings of the half-ripened 

 wood; all thriving in any ordinary garden-soil. 



Arctostaphylos. — Low - growing evergreen 

 shrubs, requiring the same treatment as the last. 



Aristolochia. — Deciduous climbing plants of 

 very rapid growth, propagated by division of 

 the roots, and also by root cuttings; thriving in 

 any ordinary soil and situation. 



Aristotelia. — A hardy evergreen shrub, propa- 

 gated by layers in autumn, and by cuttings in 

 spring; thriving in any ordinary soil, but requir- 

 ing a rather sheltered situation. 



Astragalus. — Several species of this genus are 

 low under-shrubs, and are propagated by cut- 

 tings placed under a hand-glass ; thriving in 

 common soil. 



Atragene. — Hardy, deciduous, rapid - growing 

 climbers, propagated by seed, which some- 

 times ripens in this country; in general, how- 

 ever, by cuttings and layers, the former taken 

 off during summer, and placed under a hand- 

 glass, the latter in autumn or during winter ; 

 thrive in any ordinary soil and situation. 



Atriplex.—Qi this the species A. Halimus, a 

 hardy evergreen shrub, is the most ornamental ; 

 propagated by cuttings, and requiring no parti- 

 cular soil. 



Aucuba. — A hardy evergreen shrub of mode- 

 rate height, propagated readily by cuttings in 

 spring and autumn in common soil. 



Baccharis. — The hardy sorts are propagated 

 by cuttings, and thrive best in a peat and loamy 

 soil. 



Berberis. — Propagated by suckers, cuttings, 

 and layers, and also by seed, which, although 

 abundantly produced, is seldom employed in 

 propagation, unless in the case of some of the 

 more recently introduced species. A light sandy 

 calcareous soil is most suitable for them. 



Benthamia. — Evergreen shrubs propagated by 

 layers, and seed when procurable; thrives in 

 any ordinary garden-soil, but requires a sheltered 

 situation in most places ; ripens its fruit when 

 planted against a wall in the south of England. 



Bignonia. — The only hardy species is B. capreo- 

 lata, propagated readily by cuttings of its roots, 

 or shoots placed under a hand-glass, either in 

 spring or autumn. This beautiful climbing 

 plant requires the protection of a wall in most 

 places. 



Broussonetia. — Hardy trees related to the 

 mulberry, propagated by suckers and cuttings 

 of the ripened wood planted in autumn, and 

 also by seed sown when ripe, or kept over 



till spring ; thrives in any ordinary garden- 

 soil. 



Buddha. — The only truly hardy species is B. 

 globosa, an evergreen shrub of moderate growth, 

 propagated by cuttings of the ripened wood 

 placed under a hand-glass in September ; seeds 

 are sometimes ripened in the south of England, 

 and if sown in spring vegetate freely ; thrives in 

 any ordinary garden-soil, but requires a warm 

 sheltered situation against a wall. 



Buxus. — For the most part hardy evergreen 

 shrubs of considerable variety as to habit and 

 variegation of the foliage ; propagated freely by 

 seeds, which should be sown as soon as ripe, by 

 cuttings of the young wood, and also by layers 

 and division of the plant when used for edgings; 

 thrives in most ordinary soils, best in those of a 

 calcareous nature, and in partially-shaded places. 

 In some soils it almost refuses to grow, and in 

 such cases becomes a source of annoyance to the 

 gardener. 



Caprifolium. — Deciduous twiners of rapid 

 growth, requiring no particular soil, but prefer- 

 ring an open situation ; propagated by cuttings 

 of the ripened shoots taken off in autumn and 

 planted in a shady border. Also freely by layers 

 in autumn about the period of the fall of the 

 leaf. Cuttings of a foot or more in length are 

 sometimes employed, both ends of which are 

 inserted in the ground, and when rooted they 

 are separated by cutting them over at the 

 middle. 



Caragana. — Handsome deciduous shrubs, pro- 

 pagated by seed sown in spring or by cuttings of 

 the roots, and often by layers; the rarer and 

 pendulous sorts by grafting on the common 

 kinds, and all thriving in a sandy loamy soil. 

 This very pretty genus is far too seldom seen in 

 cultivation. 



Catalpa. — Deciduous ornamental flowering 

 trees of great beauty ; propagated by seed sown 

 in spring, by cuttings of the roots, by layers, 

 and by cuttings of the ripened shoots in autumn ; 

 requires a light dry soil and a warm sheltered 

 situation. 



Ceanothus. — Most of the species, with the ex- 

 ception of the truly tropical ones, thrive well 

 when planted against a wall in ordinary warm 

 localities, and in many parts of the south of 

 England they are grown as open shrubs. Pro- 

 pagated by cuttings taken from the side shoots, 

 and planted in sand and covered with a bell- 

 glass either in April or August. When estab- 

 lished, they are not particular as to soil, but 

 require in most places slight protection during 

 winter. 



Gelastrus. — The hardy species are C. scandens 

 and C. bullatus. The former is propagated by 

 seed, and sometimes, as well as the latter, by 

 layers in autumn : a deep loamy soil is the most 

 proper for both species. 

 _ Celtis— The hardy species are natives of Ame- 

 rica and Europe, are deciduous shrubs or low- 

 growing trees, and are propagated by seed sown 

 as soon as ripe, by layers, and by cuttings of 

 the ripened wood in autumn. Succeeds well in 

 any good garden-soil. 



Cephalanthus. — Deciduous shrubs propagated 

 by cuttings set in sandy soil under a hand-glass 



