786 



OPEN FLOWER-GARDEN. 



in autumn ; also by layers of the ripened wood 

 at the same season. Prefers a light sandy loam 

 abounding in vegetable matter. 



Cerasus — For the most part hardy deciduous 

 trees and shrubs, of which the cherry is one ; 

 also containing evergreens, of which the com- 

 mon and Portugal laurel are examples. The 

 former are propagated by seed, sown when the 

 fruit is ripe, or mixed with dry sand, and fre- 

 quently turned during winter, and sown in 

 spring following. They are also increased by 

 suckers, cuttings of the roots, and also by layers. 

 The rarer sorts are often budded and grafted on 

 stocks of the more common sorts. The ever- 

 green sorts are increased by layers, and also by 

 cuttings of the ripened wood planted in autumn 

 in a rather moist shaded border. Deep sandy 

 soil is favourable to the whole of the family. 



Cercis. — Deciduous low-growing trees, propa- 

 gated by seed sown in spring, upon a mild bot- 

 tom-heat. When the plants are 1^ inches high, 

 they are pricked out in a sheltered place, and 

 hardened off. In the southern counties they 

 succeed when planted on the lawn in warm 

 situations, but in the north require the protec- 

 tion of a wall. Any moderately good garden- 

 soil is quite suitable for them. 



Cistus. — A fine flowering family of shrubby 

 plants, many of them standing our winters when 

 planted in a dry soil in a sheltered situation ; the 

 dwarf-growing kinds exceedingly well adapted 

 for rock-work. Propagated by cuttings placed 

 under a hand-glass in May, by seeds when pro- 

 curable, sown in April, under glass, and also by 

 layers, after the season of their flowering is past. 



Clematis. — Deciduous climbing shrubs of 

 rapid growth, propagated during summer by 

 cuttings of the side shoots when half-ripened, 

 placed under a hand-glass, also by layers in Sep- 

 tember. A light loamy soil and a dry situation 

 are most suitable to them. 



Clethra. — Deciduous low - growing shrubs, 

 propagated by layers in autumn, and by cuttings 

 of the half-ripened wood planted in sand during 

 summer. A soil somewhat moist and inclining 

 to peat the most favourable. 



Clianthus. — Requires the protection of a warm 

 wall, and slight protection during winter; pro- 

 pagated by cuttings placed under a glass, and, 

 when rooted, potted in peat and loam soil till of 

 a size for final planting out. 



Colletia. — Requires the protection of a wall 

 in cold situations ; in moderate ones, C. spinosa 

 and horrida stand in sheltered shrubberies. 

 Propagated by cuttings of the ripened wood set 

 in sand, and covered with a hand-glass. Soil, 

 light sandy loam. 



Colutea. — Deciduous shrubs of easy culture, 

 propagated by cuttings set in sandy soil towards 

 the end of summer, and seed sown in spring, which 

 vegetates freely. Soil, any good garden-mould. 



Comptonia. — Deciduous low -growing shrubs, 

 propagated by layers in sandy soil. 



Comm. — Deciduous low-growing trees and 

 shrubs, propagated by seeds, layers, and cuttings, 

 preferring a moist situation and common soil. 



Crataegus. — Vide page 745. 



Cydonia. — Deciduous trees and shrubs, pro- 

 pagated by seed and also by layers in Septem- 



ber, allowing them to remain twelve months to 

 make roots. A deep loamy soil is the most 

 favourable. 



Cytisus. — Deciduous shrubs and low-growing 

 trees, propagated by seed in the case of the com- 

 moner kinds ; those of greater variety, or for 

 standards, by budding on the laburnum. Any 

 ordinary soil is suitable for them. 



Daphne. — Several of them, such as the Spurge 

 laurel, produce seed which vegetates freely, but 

 seldom before the second season, and the plants 

 so produced are employed as stocks, on which 

 the rarer and more delicate sorts are grafted. 

 D. cneorum and similar dwarf sorts are increased 

 by layering, and sometimes wrought on stems 

 2 or 3 feet in height. Some, as Pontica, are 

 propagated by cuttings Set in sand in autumn, 

 which become rooted in spring following. The 

 principal mode, however, is by grafting in March 

 or April, the plants being set in a close frame 

 or pit. A light loamy soil is favourable for 

 them, and that is improved by the addition of 

 one-third sandy peat. 



Deutzia. — Deciduous shrubs, propagated by 

 cuttings placed under a hand-glass, and, when 

 rooted, planted in a sheltered place till fit for 

 final planting. They are all tolerably hardy, and 

 make fine lawn-plants in warm situations, and 

 are worth the protection of a wall in cold locali- 

 ties. Thrive in any good garden- soil. 



Elceagnus. — The deciduous species and their 

 varieties are propagated by seeds sown in spring, 

 and also by cuttings towards autumn, planted in 

 a sheltered border. The evergreen sorts by 

 layers in autumn, and cuttings set in sand in 

 summer, and placed under a hand-glass. A soil 

 of half sandy loam and peat is the most proper 

 for them. 



Escallonia. — Evergreen half-hardy shrubs, 

 requiring, in most places, the protection of a 

 wall; propagated by cuttings of the half- ripened 

 wood set in sand under a hand-glass. A light 

 loamy soil with a mixture of peat is the most 

 proper for them. 



Euonymus. — The deciduous species are all 

 hardy, the evergreen ones half-hardy. They are 

 propagated by seeds sown either in autumn when 

 ripe, or kept in sand till spring ; also by cut- 

 tings of the ripened wood planted in a border 

 in autumn. The deciduous sorts require a 

 moist situation, while the evergreen ones, being 

 not so hardy, thrive best in a soil that is dry, 

 and also require slight protection during winter. 



Fabiana. —A half-hardy evergreen fine-flower- 

 ing shrub, requiring the shelter of a wall, and 

 in cold localities slight protection during win- 

 ter. Propagated by cuttings of the half-ripened 

 young shoots set in sand, and covered with a 

 hand-glass. 



Fontanesia — of which there is only one 

 species — an evergreen shrub of moderate growth, 

 and not very hardy. Propagated by cuttings 

 planted under a hand-glass in autumn, by layers 

 at the same season, and also by grafting on the 

 Manna ash, either near the ground or at stand- 

 ard height. Succeeds in any good garden-soil. 

 This beautiful evergreen is seldom met with in 

 gardens. 



Forsythia. — Deciduous flowering shrubs, pro- 



