GLOSSARY 



OF SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TECHNICAL TERMS EMPLOYED 

 IN THIS WORK. 



Adventitious organs, produced in abnormal 

 positions, such as roots from aerial stems or 

 branches. 



Albumen. — Matter of a nutritious nature stored 

 up in the ovule, and transmitted into the 

 cavity of the seed either by the umbilical cord, 

 or more probably secreted by the endopleura. 



Alburnum. — The outer coating of young wood, 

 called often sap-wood. 



Axil. — Literally the arm-pit : in gardening it 

 means the point of the angle between a leaf and 

 a branch, or between a branch and the stem. 



Bole. — The trunk of a tree. 



Callus, or Callosity. — Granular matter of a 

 soft cartilaginous consistency formed at the 

 base of cuttings, and from which the roots 

 spring. 



Cambium. — Mucilaginous matter found between 

 the bark and young wood. 



Cellular tissue, or Vascular tissue. — Exists 

 in most plants, constituting the pith and 

 outer bark of trees, the central part of rushes 

 and similar plants. Cultivation has greatly 

 increased it in turnips and other esculent 

 vegetables, forming the tender or succulent 

 part which we eat. 



Cloves. — The small side bulbs in sh allots, gar- 

 lic, &c. 



Corm. — A thickened underground stem, as in 



the Arum, &c. 

 Cortex.— The outer bark of a tree. 

 Cotyledon leaf. — The first or temporary leaf 



of the embryo. 

 Cuticle. — That thin transparent membrane 



which covers the surface of plants, and which 



is more or less easily separated from the rest 



of the tissue. 

 Dlecious plants. — Having the male flowers on 



one plant and the females on another. 

 Embryo state. — The young plant contained in 



the seed, and provided with every organ 



essential for nutrition. 

 Embryo buds. — Nodules in the bark of many 



trees from which branches spring, sometimes 



spontaneously, and in general when the top 



of the tree or main branches are removed. 

 Epidermis. — The cellular layer covering the 



external surface of plants. 

 Epiphite. — Attached to another plant, and 



growing suspended in the air, like many 



orchids, but not parasitical. 

 Etiolation. — Blanching, as plants are when 



growing in the dark. 

 Fastigiate. — Growing in form of a pyramid. 

 Fronds. — The leaves of ferns. 

 Fugacious. — Falling off or fading early ; flowers 



of short duration. 

 Hilum. — The base of the seed to which the 



placenta is attached, either directly, or by a 



cord as in the pea. 

 VOL. II. 



Indigenous. — An aboriginal native in a country. 



Internode. — The portion of the stem between 

 two joints or leaf-buds. 



Liber. — The fibrous inner bark of trees. 



Medullary rays. — Cellular prolongations unit- 

 ing the pith and the bai^k. 



Monoecious plants. — Having male and female 

 flowers on the same plant, but in different 

 flowers. 



Morphology. — The study of the forms assumed 

 by different organs, and the laws which regu- 

 late such changes. 



Mycelium. — The spawn of fungi. 



Parenchyma. — Cellular tissue. 



Phanerogamous plants. — Having conspicuous 

 flowers — not inconspicuous, or invisible to the 

 naked eye, like cryptogamous ones. 



Pistil. — The female organ of the flower, while 

 the stamen is the male. 



Pollen. — The powdery matter contained in 

 the anther. 



Pottle. — A long tapering basket made of deal 

 shavings, holding about a pint and a half. 



Pseudo-bulb. — The swelling at the base of the 

 stem of many orchids. 



Punnets. — Round shallow baskets made of deal 

 shavings. Of these there are four — namely, 

 mushroom punnets, 7 inches in diameter and 

 1 inch deep ; sea-kale punnets, 8 inches in dia- 

 meter at top, 7| inches at bottom, and 2 inches 

 deep; salading punnets, 5 inches in diameter 

 and 2 inches deep; radish punnets, 8 inches 

 in diameter and 1 inch deep, when intended 

 to hold what is called in the London market 

 six hands : those to contain twelve hands mea- 

 sure 9 inches in diameter and 1 inch deep. 



Radicle. — The young root of the embryo. 



Rhizome. — A stem creeping on the ground, and 

 forming buds on its upper and roots from its 

 under side. 



Sieve. — A measure of capacity, 15 inches in 

 diameter and 8 inches in depth, containing 

 seven imperial gallons. The half-sieve ave- 

 rages 124 inches in diameter and 6 inches in 

 depth, containing three imperial gallons and 

 a half. 



Spongiole, or spongiolet. — The cellular part of 

 a young root, whose chief office is to absorb 

 food from the soil for the use of the plant. 



Stomates. — Openings in the epidermis, especi- 

 ally in the foliage. They are the breathing 

 pores, and exist, in the case of some plants, to 

 the number of one hundred thousand to the 

 square inch of surface. 



Suture. — The groove-like mark in plums and 

 peaches, as if the pulp had been separated 

 and again united. 



Viviparous. — Plants producing leaf- buds in- 

 stead of fruit. These buds serve the same 

 purpose as true seeds. 



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