1910.] Injury to Foliage by Bordeaux Mixture. 113 



Duchess' Favourite, the trees had dropped most of their 

 leaves and nearly all their crop. None of the trees in this 

 plantation at Teynham had received 'any spray on the leaves, 

 Taken all together, the trees were well grown and vigorous, 

 had borne well in previous seasons, and not before shown this 

 injury. One point was very noticeable : in all the varieties 

 where the scorched appearance occurred, the injury was the 

 more pronounced the weaker the growth of the tree. This 

 again suggests that the unfavourable weather conditions, 

 whatever they are — which appear to be the cause of this kind 

 of injury, are withstood best by the most vigorous trees. 



Conclusions. — In view of the fact that it is practically im- 

 possible in this country to keep any considerable acreage of 

 apples free from u scab" or "black spot" without spraying 

 with Bordeaux mixture, and that while the use of this mix- 

 ture is being followed by complete success in many districts, 

 in others "Bordeaux injury," to a greater or less extent, has 

 followed the spraying, the fruit-grower should pay attention 

 to the following details in spraying: — (1) Use a "Bordeaux 

 nozzle," which throws a fine "misty" spray; spray the trees 

 lightly, and leave off before the trees begin to drip. (2) Dis- 

 tinguish between the different varieties of apples, giving those 

 which are liable to show "Bordeaux injury" a very light 

 spraying with Bordeaux mixture made of 3 lb. copper 

 sulphate, 3 lb. quicklime (in lumps), 50 gallons of water 

 (mixed as described above) ; or spray such varieties experi- 

 mentally with the lime-sulphur wash, described at p. 522 of 

 Vol. XV. of this Journal. (Fruit-growers must remem- 

 ber, however, that although some success has lately 

 been obtained in the United States with the lime-sulphur 

 wash as a fungicide for use on tender-leaved fruit trees, it is 

 unquestionably inferior to Bordeaux mixture as a general 

 fungicide.) (3) Concentrate attention in spraying on those 

 varieties whose leaves get "sooty" with the "scab" fungus 

 and whose young wood gets "scab "-infested ; varieties 

 "resistant " to "scab " do not, as a rule, require to be sprayed. 



(4) Spray directly the blossom has fallen, and, where neces- 

 sary, again when the apples are about three-quarters grown, 



(5) Use freshly mixed home-made Bordeaux mixture prepared 

 from the best freshly-burnt quicklime (in lumps). 



