570 State Assistance to Agriculture in Denmark, [oct., 



of the others are run on lines resembling those of co-operation, 

 but no direct State aid is given to the dairying industry. 

 On the other hand, besides the State subvention to cattle- 

 breeding associations above mentioned, there are the Control 

 Societies which are supported by the State, which also con- 

 tributes subsidies for the education of dairy-managers, and 

 for experiments regarding cheese, cheese exhibitions, and 

 so on. 



Of these the Control Societies are by far the most important, 

 not only in number, there being 508 receiving a total State 

 subvention of Kr. 120,000 (,£6,666), but also as regards their 

 value as very powerful factors in the improvement of agricul- 

 tural methods. 



The object of these societies is, broadly speaking, to keep 

 a record of the milk production of each cow, together with 

 the cost and material of its keep, and thus not only to intro- 

 duce careful methods into the farm, but also to improve the 

 breed of cows by a process of selection. In this case also 

 the State subvention is paid on the recommendation of the 

 Amalgamated Provincial Association above-mentioned, and 

 is also dealt with in the law of May 23rd, 1902. 



State Aid to Small-holders. — The question of State aid to 

 small-holders does not really come into consideration, being 

 more one of economics and politics, but it may be mentioned 

 that the Small-holders' Associations can receive State sub- 

 ventions for the same objects and in the same manner as the 

 agricultural societies mentioned above, and, further, that the 

 organisation is the same, both organisation and subvention 

 being on a smaller scale. 



Application for assistance in purchasing a small holding 

 is made through the Parish Council to a District Commis- 

 sion, composed of two delegates elected by the various 

 parishes in the district and a chairman appointed by the 

 Minister of Agriculture. (The law of April 30th, 1909, places 

 a sum up to Kr. 4,000,000 (,£222,222) at the disposal of the 

 Government each year for five years for the purpose of assist- 

 ing peasants in making such purchase.) 



State Aid to Forestry. — The Danish Heath Society (Det 

 Danske Hedeselskab), founded in 1866, is the channel 



