62o Prevention of Damage to Hides, etc. [nov.. 



also to the carelessness of orchardists in not dealing promptly 

 with diseased material. In the case of older trees becoming 

 infected, the galls may continue to be produced for many 

 years, the tree living on, but making less growth and pro- 

 ducing less fruit, and of an inferior kind to that of a healthy 

 tree. It is estimated that $1,000,000, possibly much more, 

 are lost annually in the fruit-growing regions of the United 

 States through this disease. 



When trees are not badly diseased, Tourney found that 

 by removing the galls and covering the wounds made with 

 a paste composed of one part of sulphate of iron, two parts of 

 sulphate of copper, and three parts of quick lime,- the further 

 development of the gall was frequently arrested. On the 

 other hand, the most economical course is to remove and burn 

 trees that are at all badly diseased, as they not only constitute 

 centres of infection, from which the disease spreads rapidly 

 through the soil to adjacent trees, but such trees, though 

 they may continue to live for years, never produce a crop 

 equal in either quantity or quality to that produced by a 

 healthy tree. 



Quick-lime should be worked into the soil in orchards 

 known to be infected. Finally, nursery stock should be 

 examined critically before it is planted. 



PREVENTION OF DAMAGE TO HIDES, SKINS 

 AND WOOL. 



Among the most important live stock products, after 

 the meat itself, are the hides of the cattle and the wool and 

 skin of the sheep. They are, it is true, a bye-product in the 

 sense that the animals are primarily grown for meat and not 

 for their hides or skins, but they are a bye-product of very 

 considerable value, and as such deserve more attention at the 

 hands of farmers and others interested in the live stock 

 industry than they commonly receive. 



Their value can be largely increased or decreased by the 

 manner in which they are treated, and this must directly 

 affect the farmer as the producer of the raw material. 



A deputation representing various trades connected with 

 the hide and skin industry recently waited on Earl Carrington, 

 the President of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, and 



