I 



660 Measures for Destruction of Warble-Fly. [nov., 



shown by the fact that in 1909 from 2,290 cows and 1,585 

 calves examined only 5,042 warbles were extracted. The 

 cost was £y 10s., or less than \&. per head of cattle. En- 

 couraged hy these results, other districts in Denmark have 

 undertaken the systematic destruction of warbles. 



In other countries, doubtless owing to the measures taken 

 not being sufficiently general and thorough, less favourable 

 results have been obtained. In Prussia the Government 

 have for the last fifteen years made efforts by means of the 

 distribution of leaflets on the subject, to induce farmers to 

 free their cattle in the spring, but with small success. In 

 consequence, proposals were made in 1905 by the Association 

 of German Tanners for legislative measures to make the 

 destruction of warbles obligatory. The question was con- 

 sidered by the Prussian Board of Rural Economy, who 

 reported against legislation, and recommended that voluntary 

 action should be relied upon, owing to the irregular distri- 

 bution of the warble flies, the difficulty of administration of 

 any such legislation, and the dislike of farmers to restrictive 

 measures. A demand still exists, however, for means to 

 compel farmers to adopt measures against warbles in districts 

 where the majority wish to take action, so that the cattle of 

 the more backward cultivators should not be the means of 

 keeping up the infestation. A representative Committee was 

 appointed in 19 10 to consider what steps could be taken to 

 spread information on the subject. 



In the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg a compulsory measure 

 for the purpose of eradicating the pest in one district has 

 actually been adopted. Every cattle-owner in this district is 

 required by a regulation of the Minister of State, of nth 

 March, 1910, under penalty of a fine not exceeding £j ios. p 

 to examine his animals and destroy the warble maggots 

 between the 15th March and the time of turning the cattle 

 out to grass. The cattle are to be inspected by officials of 

 the local authorities to ensure that the regulation has been 

 complied with. 



