;io Some Aspects of the Science of Breeding, [dec. 



cultural Department, and the writer have taken the following 

 measurements. The method of proceeding was to measure 

 cows that were selected owing to their record of milk produc- 

 tion. The animals were divided into two groups according to 

 their milk records. The 40 cows in Group A averaged 814 

 gallons per annum, the 40 cows in Group B averaged 556 

 gallons per annum ; the yields of milk given after first and 

 second calf being included in all cases. 



There are several ways in which we have sought to test the 

 wedge-shape of the cow by measurement — (i.) as regards chine 

 only, difference of width in front and at the back of that point. 

 The results are (see Diagram I.) as follows : — 



Average of 40 cows in 

 Group A . 



Slope i in 5-3 



Average of 40 cows in 

 Group B. 



Slope I in 5*8 



The difference might well be explained by experimental 

 error. 



9-2 



9-3' 



12 2" . I2 0" 



Group A.— Slope 1 in 5-3. Group B.— Slope I in 5-8. 



Diagram I. — Cows Wedge-shaped at Chine. 



(ii.) The next measurement shows the difference between the 

 width of ribs at the narrow point immediately behind the 

 shoulder, and the width of ribs at the widest point, which 

 approximately we have always found to be on the line of the 

 third false rib, or twelfth rib counting from the neck. (See 

 Diagram II.) The following results were obtained : — 



Average of 40 cows i 

 Group A. 



Slope I in 2*57 



Average of 40 cows in 

 Grozip B. 



Slope 1 in 2*55 



Here again no marked distinction has been found, though 

 Group B shows the greater wedge. 



(iii.) In the third case we have tried to judge the spring of 

 rib by measurement. Diagram III. is given to explain how 

 this measurement was taken. We found the ratio of arc to 



