i9io.] Some Aspects of the Science of Breeding. 713 



(in inches) illustrate how much truth we found in this claim 

 when the cows were measured. 



Average of 40 cows in Average of 40 cows in 



Group A . Group B. 



Total Length of Length of Total Length of Length of 



Body. Quarter. Body. Quarter. 



59'2 i"9 '3 5§'4 19-2 



Percentage of Length of Percentage of Length of 



Quarter to Total Length. Quarter to Total Length. 



32-6 32-9 



The quarter measurement is one of three taken on the pelvis, 

 all of which are held to be good "points," viz. : — 



(1) Length of quarter, i.e., from hook (the ilium) to pin- 

 bone (the ischium) ; (2) width from hook, or hip (the ilium) to- 

 ri 00k ; (3) width from pin-bone (the ischium) to pin-bone. 



It would seem eminently reasonable to consider these three 

 points together, for they are measurements of the horizontal 

 frame on which the udder is hung. Obviously a large gland 

 will hang more easily on a big pelvic frame than on a small 

 one. And, all other things such as quality being equal, a 

 large udder will yield more milk than a small one. There is 

 also the consideration of the large pelvis making parturition 

 easier. The respective sizes and shapes of pelvic frame found 

 in the two groups of cattle have been compared, and it is 

 found that the measurements come out as follows, if the size 

 of the pelvic frame be compared with the size of the whole of 

 the body. 



Average of 40 cows in Average of 40 cows in 



Group A. Group B. 



% of Pelvic Frame to % of Pelvic Frame to 



Body Plan. Body Plan. 



26'24 26*36 



The final diagram is that of the body plan obtained from the 

 measurements taken. (See Diagram VI.) From this it will 

 be seen how very similar are the two sets of cows when com- 

 pared in this way. 



The figures obtained by Mr. Beverley and the writer have 

 been worked out, as shown by the above diagrams, by 

 Professor T. B. Wood, of the Cambridge School of Agricul- 

 ture. Professor Wood is going to subject them further to 

 thorough mathematical tests to see if any correlation can be 

 found in regard to any measurement and any "point." 



Attention may be drawn to the great difficulty found in 

 taking the measurements, and though every care was taken, 

 more especially in practising before beginning these actual 



