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Varieties of Willows. 



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(o'5 x f) + (o'i x 2-4) +8 -q _ Q-38+Q - 24 + 8-0 8-62 29 



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It is customary to speak of a "wide" ratio or a "narrow" 

 one, according as the proportion of carbohydrates, &c, to 

 albuminoids is high or low. Thus a ratio 1 : 4 would be 

 described as narrower than 1 : 8. 



It was at one time thought that the maintenance in the 

 ration of a definite albuminoid ratio, characteristic for each 

 class of stock, was a matter of considerable importance in 

 feeding. Practical experience, however, has long demon- 

 strated that the ratio may be varied widely without materially 

 affecting the success of the feeding, provided only that the 

 ration supplies a sufficiency of albuminoids and is suited in 

 other ways to the animal. The ratio may still be used, 

 however, as a convenient means of representing the relative 

 richness in albuminoids of different foodstuffs or rations. 



If the albuminoid ratio be much wider than 1 : 8 (or, in the 

 case of pigs, 1 : 10), a portion of the digestible carbohydrates 

 will pass away undigested, and waste will ensue. In any case 

 it must be borne in mind that the wider the ratio, the greater 

 will be the weight of food that the animals must consume in 

 order to secure the necessary minimum amount of digestible 

 albuminoids. 



VARIETIES OF WILLOWS* 

 W. Paulgrave Ellmore and Thomas Okey. 



Much has from time to time been written on the botanical 

 side of this subject, but such information is of small practical 

 use to growers or workers. 



The description given below of the choicest known varieties 

 of willows for basket-making purposes,! is, therefore, written 

 exclusively for the guidance of the practical grower, and not 

 from the botanical point of view. 



Salix triandra. — Salix triandra is a species embracing 

 numerous varieties, known to the basket-maker as fine tops, 

 in contradistinction to the many varieties of the common 



* Previous articles on the cultivation of Willows have appeared in Journal as 

 follows :— April, 191 1, p. 12; June, 191 1, p. 207, and Oct., 191 1, p. 557- 



f Mr. Ellmore states that all the varieties described are now growing at Lough- 

 borough, near Leicester, where the nursery and adjoining willow ground of 20 acres 

 can be visited (by appointment) by botanists, willow cultivators, or basket manu- 

 facturers. 



