THE MAGNETIC SURVEY OF AFRICA 



291 



and provide for the family, while the 

 men, by tradition, are busily engaged in 

 war or hunting. . The women also brew 

 the native beer about which so much has 

 been written by the missionaries. If it 

 becomes necessary for any member of 

 the family to hire out as a domestic, the 

 lot usually falls to the man, as the 

 women seldom leave their native kraals 

 except in groups, and well attended by 

 relatives. Native men are employed in 

 the villages as cooks, waiters, housemen, 

 washmen, messengers, and nurses, and 

 in most cases are superior to women as 

 servants. 



Although polygamy is recognized and 

 practiced by the Zulus, each wife is ac- 

 corded the same consideration and treat- 

 ment, and the relation between the dif- 

 ferent wives and their children is har- 

 monious and affectionate. Jealousy, 

 malice or hatred is seldom seen in any 

 character, and no more peaceable and 

 lovable race exists. A man can have as 

 many wives as he can provide for, but 

 he must not look a mother-in-law in the 

 face ; and if, by accident, he should come 

 across her, he immediately covers his 



ON November 26, 1908, there left 

 Cape Town an interesting and 

 important scientific expedition 

 of the Carnegie Institution of Washing- 

 ton, in charge of Dr J. C. Beattie, direc- 

 tor of the Department of Physics of 

 South African College, at Cape Town. 

 Starting out in an ox-wagon and head- 

 ing in a northwest direction, the party 

 had reached Ookiep, via Calvinia, in the 

 extreme northwest part of Cape Colony, 

 by the end of December. 



The purpose of this expedition is to 

 make a series of magnetic observations 

 consisting of the direction of the compass 

 needle with reference to the true north, 



face and avoids her as graciously as pos- 

 sible. Woman hoes the field and reaps 

 the harvest, but her husband cannot ap- 

 propriate any part of the grain or stores 

 which she has laid by. It is the wife's 

 duty, however, to provide food for the 

 husband and children, and to otherwise 

 look after the household while the man 

 attends to the cattle. No woman is per- 

 mitted to cross the paths leading to the 

 kraal where the cattle are kept or to enter 

 the enclosure under any circumstances. 

 Children in the native villages are 

 brought up in an atmosphere of happi- 

 ness, and discord of any kind is almost 

 unknown in Zululand, except where the 

 white man has forced his commercial in- 

 vasion. 



Few countries have felt the waste, sor- 

 row, and ill effects of war more than 

 Natal ; but her people have made a cour- 

 ageous struggle for supremacy, and are 

 today showing the world that "out of ad- 

 versity springeth prosperity" and that 

 "The Garden Colony" is one of loyalty 

 and a credit to the crown of Great 

 Britain. 



AL 



the dip of the magnetic needle (the south 

 end dipping below the horizon in the 

 Southern Hemisphere), and the strength 

 or measure of the force exerted by the 

 earth's magnetism in compelling a mag- 

 netized needle to set itself in some defi- 

 nite direction and not at haphazard. In 

 the regions to be explored but few, if 

 any, similar data have heretofore been 

 obtained, and it was on this account that 

 the Carnegie Institution of Washington 

 decided to support this expedition as part 

 of the general scheme for the magnetic 

 survey of the earth now in satisfactory 

 progress under the direction of its De- 

 partment of Research in Terrestrial 



THE MAGNETIC SURVEY OF AFRICA 



By L. A. Bauer, Director, Department of Terrestri 

 Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington 



