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THE NATIONAL, GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



Photograph by Nevin O. Winter 



A MARKET SCENE IN KHARKOV I RUSSIA 



Kharkov is the leading commercial city of the real Ukraine, for Odessa does not properly 

 belong to the Little Russians, although it is now included in the bounds of the subject nation 

 which Germany is trying to establish. Before the war, Kharkov was the administrative center 

 of the great iron industry and coal mines of South Russia. 



The Little Russians have worked hard 

 and fought hard, and they have emerged 

 a fairly united and still vigorous people. 

 The population increases more steadily 

 than that of Great Russia, as the people 

 are greatly attached to home and do not 

 care to wander far from their native vil- 

 lages. They are great lovers of the soil 

 and cling to it with a passionate tenacity. 



EXTENT OE THE UKRAINE 



The Ukraine includes southeastern 

 Russia, with the exception of the prov- 

 ince known as Bessarabia, which partakes 

 of the character of the Balkan States and 

 is peopled with Roumanians and Bul- 

 garians. The great seaport of Odessa 

 and surrounding country have been added 

 to it under the new alignment. 



The Ukraine does not reach much north 

 of Kiev or east of Kharkov, but it is a 

 large State in itself, about as large as the 



German Empire, with some twenty-five 

 or thirty millions of people living in it. 



The largest city of the real Ukraine is 

 Kiev, around which national life prob- 

 ably centers because of the deep relig- 

 ious associations in connection with the 

 shrines and many holy places. It was at 

 one time the capital of all Russia. Khar- 

 kov is the leading commercial town in it, 

 unless Odessa, on the Black Sea, is con- 

 sidered. 



About four million Ukrainians live in 

 Austria, in the province of Galicia, and 

 are there known as Ruthenians. They 

 are exactly the same type of people as 

 the majority of those living in the 

 Ukraine and would be classed with them 

 ethnographically. 



THE LURE OE THE STEPPES 



There is a lure about the limitless 

 stretches of the steppes in the Ukraine. 



