THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



297 



pecially endear him to the "best people," 

 did much to popularize the works of his 

 American namesake, Henry George ; and 

 these two Georges will have a good deal 

 to do with directing British policy for 

 some time after the war. 



But, though the British may become 

 substantially self-supporting as to agri- 

 culture, they will, of course, remain pri- 

 marily an industrial, commercial, mari- 

 time, and financial people. With all the 

 drafts that war has made on its man- 

 power, England has actually increased its 

 iron and steel production. 



SHIPBUILDING AND WORLD COMMERCE 



As to ship-building and its relation to 

 world commerce hereafter, those kindly 

 folk who fear the loss of British sea su- 

 premacy would do well to see the Clyde, 

 the Tyne, and the Belfast shipbuilding 

 districts, and to learn about the new na- 

 tional shipyards on Bristol Channel. 

 After nearly four years of war, in which 

 it had borne the lion's share of shipping 

 losses, the British merchant marine was 

 still able, during the critical weeks of last 

 spring and summer, to transport 60 per 

 cent of the first American army of two 

 million soldiers sent across the Atlantic. 



The country's industrial plant has been 

 expanded during the war beyond all pop- 

 ular knowledge. Moreover, the expan- 

 sion has been directed by an unwavering 

 purpose to make the new establishments 

 easily adaptable to peace production. 



The nitro-cellulose plant at Gretna 

 Green covers an area of nine miles by 

 five. It requires a hundred miles of plant 

 railways. It has been built entirely since 

 the war began, and, as it produces noth- 



ing but high explosives, might be reason- 

 ably regarded as one industry whose 

 product would hardly find a market in 

 peace times. 



Yet its management assured me there 

 was every prospect that the demand for 

 explosives in engineering work plus the 

 market for celluloid specialties in endless 

 variety would keep the establishment 

 busy with merely some rather easy adap- 

 tations of its products. 



A RECONSTRUCTED COMMERCIAL WORLD 



The new Ministry of Reconstruction, 

 the Board of Trade, foreign trading 

 houses, bankers, consular service, have 

 cooperated throughout the world to 

 strengthen Britain's hold on foreign mar- 

 kets. 



In anticipation of changed conditions 

 after peace returns, of increased credit 

 requirements to restock the warehouses 

 and restore the public utilities of the 

 world, a series of great banking consoli- 

 dations has taken place in England in 

 the last year. They are part of the eco- 

 nomic mobilization for the competitive 

 struggle after the war. 



The alien property authorities of King- 

 dom and Empire have been quietly trac- 

 ing out and untying the bonds by which 

 intriguing German interests had estab- 

 lished hold on many industries, markets, 

 financial and commercial opportunities. 

 The German salesman who goes out to 

 offer his wares hereafter will find himself 

 dealing with a very much reconstructed 

 commercial world. Whatever he may 

 have thought of British competition prior 

 to August, 1914, he will find it the real 

 thing along about August, 1920. 



HOW CANADA WENT TO THE FRONT 



By H 



ON. 



T. B. Macaulay, 



OF 



M 



ONTREAL 



THE work which the United States 

 has undertaken in connection with 

 the war is so vast, and the spirit 

 in which it is being carried out is so mag- 

 nificent and so enthusiastic, that what we 

 Canadians have accomplished must of 

 necessity appear rather small in com- 

 parison. 



You of the United States are to have 

 the honor and glory of being to a large 

 extent the deciding factor in bringing this 

 terrible war to a happy conclusion, and 

 of turning what might possibly have been 

 a drawn battle into a glorious victory. 

 The efforts which you are putting forth 

 are the delight and admiration of your 



