304 



THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



provincial and municipal securities sold 

 in 191 6, 85 per cent went to the United 

 States. Of similar securities sold in 1917, 

 only 2y 2 per cent went to the United 

 States. 



Our expenditures for war purposes 

 have now risen to about a billion dollars. 

 A considerable amount of this has been 

 raised from taxes. There has been a 

 tremendous increase in the national reve- 

 nue. But the way in which this extra 

 money has been raised and the kind of 

 taxes which have been imposed would, 

 I am sure, not be interesting. You know 

 all about that sort of thing in your own 

 country. Perhaps I had better say the 

 details would be interesting but not very 

 pleasant. 



But more than men and money were 

 required. There was a pressing need for 

 munitions with which to meet the Ger- 

 man hordes. Canada had never been a 

 great manufacturing country. But again 

 we surprised ourselves, for we have al- 

 ready supplied 60,000,000 shells, which I 

 have no doubt have done good work. We 

 have furnished munitions to the value of 

 $1,000,000,000, and will soon have fur- 

 nished another $200,000,000 worth. 



We are helping in shipbuilding, too, 

 for we expect to turn out this year about 

 500,000 tons of new shipping, about two- 

 thirds of steel and one of wood. I under- 

 stand that this will about equal one-fourth 

 of the output of the British shipbuilding 

 3^ards for the year of 1917. 



In aircraft, too, we are trying to do 

 cur share. We are turning out about 350 

 aeroplanes per month. The total to date 

 is about 2,500. Besides that, we are man- 

 ning them. 



CONTRIBUTIONS TO MANY ACTIVITIES 



But it has not been all men, money, 

 and munitions. Our people have re- 

 sponded gloriously to all appeals for the 

 relief of suffering. For our Canadian 

 Patriotic Fund, which looks after the 

 wives, children, and dependents of our 

 men at the front, we have already given 

 $44,000,000. For every two dollars the 

 government has asked from the people it 

 has generally been given three. 



To the Red Cross the contributions 

 have been $12,000,000 in cash and $15,- 

 000,000 in supplies. Of the cash con- 



tribution, $7,000,000 were spent by the 

 British Red Cross and the balance by the 

 Canadian Red Cross. According to a 

 newspaper item which I saw the other 

 day, Canada leads all the nations of the 

 world in Red Cross contributions per 

 capita. 



To the Belgian Relief Fund we have 

 contributed over $1,500,000 in cash and an 

 equal amount in supplies, while $8,000,- 

 000 more went to French, Serbian, and 

 Polish relief funds and numerous other 

 charitable and patriotic associations. i 



For military work by the Y. M. C. A. 

 the contributions have been $4,500,000. 



In addition to the donations from the 

 public, the Dominion and Provincial gov- 

 ernments have given $5,250,000 for char- 

 itable work through the Imperial Gov- 

 ernment. In all, the relief contributions 

 from Canada amount to $90,000,000, or 

 over $12 for every man, woman, and 

 child in the Dominion. 



Our educational leaders have also or- 

 ganized the Khaki University for edu- 

 cating the men at the front and fitting 

 them for their return to civilian life, and 

 our government has undertaken its sup- 

 port. This idea has now been copied in 

 Britain, France, and I believe even in 

 Germany. It had birth in the brain of 

 Dr. H. M. Tory, president of the Univer- 

 sity of Alberta. Dr. Tory has entire 

 charge of the work on the other side. 



To summarize what we have done in 

 finance. We have paid about one billion 

 dollars for war expenditures, and have 

 raised $750,000,000 of this amount by 

 domestic loans. We are asked to raise 

 another $300,000,000 during November 

 for further expenditures, and I feel sure 

 we will offer $500,000,000. We have 

 given a credit of over $500,000,000 to the 

 Imperial Government for purchase of 

 munitions and supplies, and our banks 

 have given a further amount for the 

 same purposes of $200,000,000. 



We have supplied 60,000,000 shells, 

 one billion dollars' worth of munitions, 

 and will soon deliver $200,000,000 worth 

 more. We will, besides, this year add 

 500,000 tons of shipping, and are making 

 350 aeroplanes per month, having already 

 completed 2,500, and in addition to all 

 this we have contributed $90,000,000 to 

 relief work. 



