THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



401 



It was a source of inestimable com- 

 fort to the devoted that the people ar- 

 dently responded to the Patriarch's call 

 and by peaceful mass demonstrations of 

 their religious sentiments largely suc- 

 ceeded in putting a stop to the open cam- 

 paign started against the Church. 



THE CHURCH PROBLEM IN THE UKRAINE 



In connection with the Ukrainian sepa- 

 ratist movement, a group of Ukrainian 

 public men raised the question of the 

 separation of the Church of the Ukraines 

 from that of Russia. It was decided to 

 summon a special Ukrainian Church 

 Council. As Regional Councils are pro- 

 vided for by the organization of the Rus- 

 sian Church, the Moscow Sobor did not 

 protest against the summoning of a Sobor 

 at Kiev, and the Patriarch sent his rep- 

 resentative to Kiev with a message of 

 greeting. 



While the civil war which broke out in 

 Kiev interrupted the work of the Sobor, 

 tendencies were disclosed of a more mod- 

 erate character than those advocated by 

 the supporters of a complete separation 

 from the Russian Church. 



AN IMPORTANT NEW 



In the midst of the trials besetting the 

 Russian people, mainly through their 

 own guilt, the Church proves its vitality. 

 It is now reconstructing its outer forms, 

 which had greatly deteriorated during the 

 past from Orthodox Church order. But 

 outward forms are not vital ; inner life is 

 of far greater import. That source of 

 inner life never ran dry in the Russian 

 Church, in spite of the numerous defects 

 of its outward forms, for the deficiency 

 of which it often compensated. 



Let there be no misgiving ; the Church 

 has aided Russia in every crisis. The 

 Church which even in the nineteenth cen- 

 tury produced such shining lights as St. 

 Seraphim of Sarov and Father John of 

 Kronstadt, besides hosts of others, that 

 Church is sure to foster and develop its 

 inner life, now that better conditions of 

 external organization are secured. 



In the present moment of confusion 

 in Russia the Church is the only institu- 

 tion which stands on its feet. May not 

 the example of the Sobor well pave the 

 way in due time for a similar trium- 

 phant reconstruction of the Russian body 

 politic ? 



GUIDE FOR SHIPPING 



Navassa Light, on a Barren Island in the West Indies, is 

 the First Signal for the Panama Canal 



By George R. Putnam 



Commissioner of Lighthouses 



LIGHTHOUSES and other sea marks 

 are as necessary for the safety of 

 .J traffic on the sea as are signal lights 

 for the protection of railway travel. 



It is interesting to note that there are 

 waterways which are operated much like 

 railways. Thus portions of the Detroit 

 and St. Marys rivers, which carry the 

 enormous traffic between the Lakes, have 

 practically been double-tracked by dredg- 

 ing and marking separate channels for 

 up-bound and down-bound vessels, and 

 in some narrow parts of this passage a 

 block-system has recently been intro- 

 duced, so that by means of semaphore 



signals a vessel is prevented from pass- 

 ing until the preceding vessel has gone 

 a safe distance. Similar systems are in 

 use on important canals. 



In normal times the shipping of the 

 North Atlantic is operated on a double- 

 track plan, with distinct lanes agreed 

 upon for east-bound and west-bound 

 vessels, and these lanes are for safety 

 shifted to the southward during the ice- 

 berg season. 



New York has a sort of four-track 

 entrance from the sea, and of the four 

 channels leading to the Narrows, the 

 great Ambrose Channel is reserved for 



