NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 



HUBBARD MEMORIAL HALL 



SIXTEENTH AND M STREETS, WASH INGTON, D. C. 



O. H. TITTMANN . . . PRESIDENT 



GILBERT GROSVENOR . director and editor 

 JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE . associate EDITOR 



O. P. AUSTIN SECRETARY 



JOHN E. PILLSBURY . vice-president 

 JOHN JOY EDSON .... treasurer 

 GEORGE W. HUTCHISON, assistant secretary 

 WILLIAM J. SHOWALTER ASSISTANT EDITOR 

 RALPH A. GRAVES ASSISTANT EDITOR 



1916-1918 



Franklin K. Lane 



Secretary of the Interior 



William Howard Taft 



Formerly President of the 



United States 



C. M. Chester 



Rear Admiral U. S. Navy. 

 Formerly Supt. U. S. 

 Naval Observatory 



Frederick V. Coville 



Formerly President of Wash- 

 ington Academy of Sci- 

 ences 



John E. Pillsbury 



Rear Admiral U. S. Navy, 

 Formerly Chief Bureau of 

 Navigation 



1 J LTDOLPH IvAUFFMANN 



Managing Editor The Even- 

 ing Star 



T. L. Macdonald 

 M. D., F. A. C. S. 



S, N. D. North 



Formerly Director U. S. Bu- 

 reau of Census 



BOARD OF MANAGERS 

 1917-1919 



Alexander Graham Bell 



Inventor of the telephone 



J. Howard Gore 



Prof. Emeritus Mathematics. 

 The George Washington 

 University 



A. W. Greely 



Arctic Explorer, Major Gen'l 

 U. S. Army 



Gilbert H. Grosvenor 



Editor of National Geo- 

 graphic Magazine 



George Otis Smith 



Director of U. S. Geological 

 Survey 



O. H. TlTTMANN 



Formerly Superintendent of 

 U. S. Coast and Geodetic 

 Survey 



Henry White 



Formerly U. S. Ambassador 

 to France, Italy, etc. 



John M. Wilson 



brigadier General U. S. 

 Army, Formerly Chief of 

 Engineers 



1918-1920 



Ciiari.es J. Bell 



President American Security 

 and Trust Company 



.John Joy Edson 



Chairman of the Board, 

 Washington Loan & Trust. 

 Company 



David Fairchild 



In Charge of Agricultural 

 Explorations, Department 

 of Agriculture 



C. Hart Merriam 



Member National Academy 

 of Sciences 



(). P. Austin 



Statistician 



George R. Putnam 



Commissioner U. S. Bureau 

 of Lighthouses 



George Shiras, 3d 



Formerly Member U. S. Con- 

 gress, Faunal Naturalist, 

 and Wild-Game Photogra- 

 pher 



Grant Squires 



Military Intelligence Divi- 

 sion, General Staff, New 

 York 



To carry out the purpose for which it was founded twenty-eight years ago, 

 namely, "the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge," the National 

 Geographic Society publishes this Magazine. All receipts from the publication 

 are invested in the Magazine itself or expended directly to promote geographic 

 knowledge and the study of geography. Articles or photographs from members 

 of the Society, or other friends, are desired. For material that the Society can 

 use, adequate remuneration is made. Contributions should be accompanied by 

 an addressed return envelope and postage, and be addressed: 



GILBERT GROSVENOR. Editor 



CONTRIBUTING EDITORS 



A. W. Greely 

 C. Hart Merriam 

 O. H. Tittmann 

 Robert Hollister Chapman 

 Walter T. Swingle 



Copyright, 1918, by National Geographic Society, Washington. D. C. All rights reserved. 

 Entered at the Post-Office at Washington," D. C., as Second-Class Mail Matter. 



Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Sec. 11 03, Act of 

 October 3, 1917, authorized July 1, 191 8. 



Alexander Graham Bell 

 David Fairchild 

 Hugh M. Smith 

 N. H. Darton 

 Frank M. Chapman 



