Vol. XXXIV, No. 6 WASHINGTON 



December, 1918 



TEE 



ATIOMAL 



THE RACES OF EUROPE 



The Graphic Epitome of a Never-ceasing Human Drama. 

 The Aspirations, Failures, Achievements, and 

 Conflicts of the Polyglot People of the 

 Most Densely Populated Continent 



By Edwin A. Grosvenor, L. H. D., LL. D. 



President United Chapters, Phi Beta Kappa, and Recently Professor oe Modern Government and 

 International Law in Amherst College 



Dr. Grosvenor, the author of this article, has devoted fifty years to the study 

 of the racial conditions of Europe. Twenty years as Professor of History in 

 Robert College, at Constantinople, gave him unusual opportunity to observe inten- 

 sively the subject with which he deals, for nowhere else in the world has the racial 

 tide ebbed and flowed in such remarkable fashion as in the Balkans, and nowhere 

 else has the teacher of history found more need for an intimate knowledge of his 

 subject. There is not a country in Europe which he has not visited and among 

 whose people he has not personal acquaintances and friends. He is the author of 

 "Constantinople," two volumes; "Contemporary History," "The Permanence of 

 the Greek Type," of some three hundred articles on Eastern subjects in various 

 cyclopedias, was Editor of the Reference History of the World in Webster's 

 International Dictionary (last edition), and has translated, with revision, Duruy's 

 "History of Modern Times" and "History of the World" from the French and 

 "Andronike" (the most popular Greek novel) from the modem Greek. 



EUROPE is the smallest, except one, 

 of the six continents. Of about 

 the same size as Canada or Brazil, 

 one might question, regarding merely ter- 

 ritorial extent, whether Europe should be 

 called a continent at all. Siberia exceeds 

 it by more than a million square miles. 

 On the map of the Eastern Hemisphere 

 it appears insignificant. It is dwarfed 

 on the south by the ponderous bulk of 

 Africa, while Asia, to which it clings, 

 thrusts it disdainfully away toward the 

 northwest. 



Were it attached to Asia by .a distinct 

 isthmus, as is Africa or as are North 

 and South America to each other, it 

 would, as a well outlined peninsula, pos- 

 sess an easily recognized existence of its 

 own. 



Instead, an indefinite border land, 

 more than two thousand miles in length, 

 makes it impossible to tell where Asia 

 ends and Europe begins. The interjec- 

 tion of the Caspian Sea breaks this bor- 

 der-land into two great stretches, one 

 between the Arctic and the Caspian, and 



