THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



481 



Photograph by Erdelyi 



CROATIAN MAN AND WIFE: COSTLY THEIR HABITS AS THEIR PURSE CAN BUY, AND 

 OFT EXPRESSED IN FANCY, RICH AND GAUDY 



Before the war, market day in Agram, the capital of Croatia and Slavonia, was a pic- 

 turesque occasion, with the peasants resplendent in their gaily colored embroideries on white 

 garments, their bright shoes and mantles. The life of many of these peasants is extremely 

 hard, and in some families the women are said to wear no clothing above their waists while 

 indoors. 



their descendants to be known as Pomaks. 

 Many fled the country. By the Russo-Turkish 

 War of 1877-78, Russia freed Bulgaria. 



The emancipated State, called the Princi- 

 pality of Bulgaria, included only the region 

 north of the Balkans. To it was added, by 

 popular revolution, seven years later, the prov- 

 ince of Eastern Roumelia, south of the Bal- 

 kans. Bulgaria, though free, was made by the 

 Great Powers tributary to the Sultan as a vas- 



sal State. In 1908 it declared itself independ- 

 ent, and the prince proclaimed himself "Tsar 

 of all the Bulgarians.'' 



Many Bulgarians, Greeks, and Serbians still 

 remained under the Turkish yoke. To free 

 their fellow countrymen and coreligionists, al- 

 lied Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia 

 made successful war against the Turks in 1912. 

 For the first time the four Balkan Christian 

 States acted together. 



