I9H.] 
Notes on Agriculture Abroad. 
169 
also continued since 1904. (Bulletin of Agricultural Statistics, 
Int. Inst. Agric, April, 191 1.) 
Method of Estimating the Production and Consumption of Wheat in 
Canada. — An account of the method in use for the estimation of the 
figures relating to the production and surplus stocks of wheat in Canada 
is published in the Census and Statistics Monthly for March, 191 1. 
The estimates of production are based upon returns of reliable agri- 
cultural correspondents, and any tendency to exaggeration or to too 
sanguine estimates is carefully guarded against. The surplus stock is 
calculated by deducting from the figures of production so obtained the 
exports of wheat and flour, the requirements for seed, and the con- 
sumption of wheat in the Dominion. The method will be seen by 
reference to the following table, relating to the fiscal years 1908-9, 
1909-10, and 1910-11 : — 
1908-09. 
1909-10. 
1910-11. 
Estimated production ... 
Imports for home consumption of 
wheat and flour 
. 
Exports of wheat and flour 
Balance retained for home consump- 
tion, seed, etc. 
Seed 
Consumption at 6*24 bush, per head ... 
Deficiency or surplus ... 
bushels. 
1 12,434,000 
224,000 
bushels. 
166,744,000 
200,000 
bushels. 
149,989,600 
336,000 * 
1 12,658,003 
57, 104,000 
l66,944,OCO 
63,785,000 
150,325,600 
61,000,000 * 
55, 554, coo 
13,563,000 
IO3, T 59,O00 
16, 266, COO 
89,325,600 
18,813,000 
41,991.000 
44,833,000 
86,893,000 
46,736,OCO 
70,512,600 
48,578,000 
-2,842,000 
40, 157,000 
2i,934,6co 
* Estimated. 
In the foregoing statement the requirements for seed are reckoned 
at the average rate of 1*75 bushel per acre upon the acreage of the 
following year, while the estimate of consumption at the rate of 6*24 
bushels is based upon the statistics of production at the census of 1901 
and the imports and exports of that year, the population of Canada 
being estimated as 7,184,744 in 1908-09, 7,489,781 in 1909-10, and 
7,784,900 in 1910-11. 
The table shows a deficiency for 1908 which would have to be made 
good from the stocks held over from 1907, of which there is no record. 
In 1909 a proportion of the surplus would be required to replenish 
depleted stocks in the elevators and mills ; and in this connection it' will 
be noticed from the table that while the production of 1909-10 is 
54,000,000 bushels in excess of 1908-09, the export is only about 
7,000,000 more. 
It may be reckoned that aoout 5 per cent, of the total production, 
as above estimated, should be deducted owing to losses in cleaning, &c, 
and if we put the average losses from frosted and other grain used for 
feeding at 3 per cent., a total reduction of 8 per cent, reduces the above 
