34 



was never scientifically studied till after the introduction of 

 Cinchona bark into Europe by the Countess of Chinchon : one of the 

 earliest patients cured was Charles II in 1679. In 1880 M. 

 Laveran, an army surgeon, first discovered parasites in malarial 

 blood, and by observing the effect of quinine upon them, it became 

 known why quinine was so beneficial. In 1897 the mosquito was 

 proved to be the infecting agent. Malta fever, a slow and painful 

 disease, was at one time a scourge to our Army and Navy in Malta ; 

 prolonged investigation showed that goats' milk, universally drunk 

 by the civil population, was answerable for the infection, and now, 

 the milk being boiled, the disease is practically stamped out in both 

 Navy and Army. Sleeping sickness is conveyed both to man and 

 animals by two distinct varieties of the tsetse fly : it is first 

 characterised by irregular fever and an eruption, then by an enlarge- 

 ment of the glands of the neck and other parts of the body, 

 trypanosomes are found in the blood and glands, and eventually 

 spread to the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of memory, 

 emaciation, and finally drowsiness and stupor which have given the 

 disease its popular name. Many fine slides showed the terrible 

 progress of the disease, and the working of the malarial parasite 

 in human blood, and also pictures of the haunts of the mosquito. 

 The lantern slides were lent by the Research Defence Society. 



R A lecture with this title was given on nth March, 



[moreens of b ? S " McC *lmont Hill, Esq., D.c.t, in a light and 

 life amon the amusm g ve ^ n anc ^ illustrated by lantern slides. Dr. 

 Ianane° n ^ & described the home life of the Japanese and 



showed a fire box and domestic hearth used in 

 house, railway, in the theatre, and as a bedwarmer (lent by the 

 Corporation Art Gallery) ; also costumes, toilet requisites, pipes, 

 specimens of native tobacco, and some humorous carved ivory 

 figures. A Japanese dinner party was also described and the use of 

 the " hachi " or chopsticks. 



Jerusalem ^ n ist ^P r ^' Canon Cooke Yarborough, Vicar of 



Jericho and Christchurch, delivered a lecture with this title, 

 Bethlehem with ^ antern slides from sketches made by himself, 

 under the presidency of Dr. Crallan. The 

 Jerusalem of to-dav differs from that of the Bible owing to the 

 changes during eighteen centuries, and causes disappointment in the 

 first impressions of many tourists. A map of Palestine explained 

 the unique position of the country as a connecting link between 

 three continents ; there is much uncultivated land, specially in the 

 Valley of the Jordan, the misrule of the Turk stifling all energy. 

 Recent excavations at Geser, a hill town between Jaffa and 

 Jerusalem, reveal many towns built one over another in layers, 

 dating from 3000 to 100 B.C., and gruesome remains indicate human 

 sacrifices and a heathen stronghold. Jerusalem, standing on a very 

 steep hill, is impregnable on three sides, with no protection on th e 

 north. The increase in population at the present day in the cours e 



