SITUATION. 



19 



decreasing force of the momentum, when 

 the valve u closes, and that at s opens, to 

 permit the water to make a second blow 

 or pulsation. In this way the action of 

 the machine continues unceasingly, with- 

 out any external aid, so long as it is sup- 

 plied with water and remains in repair." 

 — Library of Useful Knowledge, vol. "Natu- 

 ral Philosophy." 



Legg's Improved Self-acting Hydraulic 

 Engine is also a useful machine for this 

 purpose, and is capable of conveying from 

 1 gallon to 20 per minute to a distance of 

 2000 yards, and to a point elevated 500 

 feet or upwards, with a fall of 21 feet, 

 giving not more than a continuous over- 

 flow of 1 pint. With this quantity of 

 water as the moving power, the engine will 

 supply about 10,000 gallons in twenty- 

 four hours ; and when the moving power 

 is greater, the supply thrown up is pro- 

 portionately increased. It has some ad- 

 vantages over the ram, especially as being 

 cheaper, and wrought with less water. It 

 is not liable to get out of repair, and will 

 draw water from a spring 30 yards or 

 upwards distant from the apparatus. 



Lucas's Self-acting, Force, and Lift- 

 Pump. — We have not had an opportunity 

 of seeing this machine in operation, 

 although we have heard much said in 

 favour of it. It may be fixed in any 

 situation where a small supply of water 

 can be procured. It is simple in con- 

 struction, and not liable to get out of 

 working order ; yet, should that happen, 

 we are informed by Sir Joseph Paxton it 

 may be readily adjusted. The appen- 

 dages can be fixed to any description of 

 pumps, whether such are already fixed 

 or otherwise. The waste water is very 

 trifling, a very small quantity being 

 sufficient to work it, which, if requisite, 

 can also be raised. 



In situations where a running stream 

 can be brought to flow through the garden, 

 as is the case at Hopetoun House, it is of 

 great service, as well as a beautiful object ; 

 but in general these streams flow through 

 the lowest part of the grounds, and conse- 

 quently are less valuable than if they 

 were higher. The situation at one time 

 fixed on for a new garden at Yester House, 

 the property of the Marquis of Tweeddale, 

 upon which we were consulted, has a 

 copious running stream passing along the 

 highest part of the ground, which we, in 



conjunction with Mr Shearer, his Lord- 

 ship's very intelligent gardener, purposed 

 should be retained, ornamented, and 

 rendered fit for the purposes required. 

 Much, however, as these streams are to 

 be desired, it would be well to have pro- 

 vision made for turning them off during 

 winter. 



§ 5. — SITUATION. 



The situation which a culinary and 

 fruit garden ought to occupy, requires, 

 we think, more consideration than ap- 

 pears to have been in general given to 

 the subject. Mr Loudon says " The situa- 

 tion of the kitchen garden, considered 

 artificially, or relatively to the other 

 parts of a residence, should be as near 

 the mansion and the stable-offices as is 

 consistent with beauty, convenience, and 

 other arrangements." Nicol, on the same 

 subject, observes, " In a great place the 

 kitchen garden should be so situated as 

 to be convenient to, and, at the same 

 time, concealed from the house." The 

 same authority remarks in "Kalendar," 

 (p. 3,) "Sometimes we find the kitchen 

 garden placed immediately in front of 

 the house," which he considers "the most 

 awkward situation of any, especially if 

 placed near, and so that it cannot be pro- 

 perly screened by, some sort of plantation. 

 Generally speaking, it should be placed 

 in the rear or flank of the house, by which 

 means the lawn may not be broken and 

 rendered unshapely where it is required 

 to be most complete." 



As an instance of placing the garden 

 on the flank of the house, and where it is 

 completely shut out from it, yet at a most 

 convenient distance, we may mention that 

 at Trentham Hall, where this is most 

 completely effected. Still, however, we 

 think that it is too near the house, and 

 may at some period, if it has not already, 

 be found in the way of future improve- 

 ments. The gardens at Claremont afford 

 another instance of this kind, where much 

 of the beauty of the park is destroyed 

 merely for the sake of a supposed conve- 

 nience ; and the same may be said of 

 Welbeck, Knowlesly, and many others. 

 The two latter are, however, in the rear 

 of the mansions to which they belong, 

 and at present do not interfere with them 

 in any way. 



