STYLE. 



39 



base, which is carried round the ends and 

 polished. They are ventilated by opening 

 the front sashes, and by wooden venti- 

 lators at the top of the back wall, in 

 Atkinson's manner. Every alternate 

 upper sash of the roof opens also. A 

 series of cellars extends the entire length 

 of this range, the whole width of the 

 offices, and 8 feet high. These are lighted 

 and ventilated by long, narrow area win- 

 dows ; and under the floor is a capacious 

 drain, into which all the drainage of the 

 upper garden is led, as well as the over- 

 flow of the cisterns. Along this drain, 

 and under the buildings, are formed large 

 tanks, supplied by it, and which are con- 

 stantly kept full, but can never overflow, 

 as the drain carries off the surplus. 



In these cellars, also, the furnaces are 

 placed; and over those parts separated 

 off for the stoke-holes are placed cisterns 

 filled from the roof, which keep up a 

 supply of tepid water: this is conveyed 

 into the hothouses by leaden pipes imme- 

 diately over the boiler. The latter are all 

 within the houses, to economise heat, and 

 placed under the floor, and covered with 

 a cast-iron grating to preserve their 

 covers. The smoke, as will be seen by 

 the various sections, is got rid of behind 

 without soiling the glass. — ( Vide Pineries, 

 Vineries, &c.) 



These cellars are appropriated for a 

 tool-house, root cellar, mushroom-house, 

 onion cellar, store cellar, kitchen for the 

 men ; and for various purposes are found 

 exceedingly useful, in addition to keeping 

 the rooms and offices above quite dry and 

 comfortable. 



The stoke-holes for the wall furnaces 

 are in vaults under ground, having a 

 space arched over on both sides, for the 

 reception of the ashes and fuel. The 

 openings to them are covered with 

 wrought-iron grating. The chimney-pots 

 are removed when the fires are not in 

 use. The fruit-tree borders are 2^ feet 

 in depth, and the quarters of the square 

 garden 4 feet, resting on an alluvial gra- 

 vel of from 2 to 5 feet in thickness, under 

 which is a bed of clay, depth unknown. 

 This accounts in part for the abundant 

 supply of water, as the rain which falls 

 on the surface percolates through and is 

 retained in the gravel stratum, the clay 

 below being impervious; still the soil is 

 perfectly dry. The gravel within the 



square garden was excavated to the depth 

 of 4 feet on an average, and carted away to 

 make walks and roads in various parts of 

 the park and pleasure-grounds, the good 

 soil from these being returned in the 

 carts to make up the difference, so that 

 the whole soil of this part of the garden 

 is artificial and good. 



It will be naturally asked, why remove 

 so much gravel 1 — why not have laid the 

 artificial soil on the top of it, and hence 

 have saved half of the expense ? The reason 

 was, the ground was above the level of 

 the surrounding parts, especially on the 

 western side, as will be seen by the ter- 

 race bank G G ; so that, had we laid on 

 the 4 feet of artificial soil, the surface 

 would have been too much elevated to 

 accord with the surrounding grounds, 

 besides depriving us of the shelter from 

 the west and south-west winds afforded 

 by the rising grounds at these points, and 

 considerably increased by thus lowering 

 the level. Besides, we held it necessary 

 to have the ground occupied with the 

 hothouses perfectly level, to admit of a 

 passage through them, without having 

 recourse to steps which are very objec- 

 tionable, and therefore should be avoided. 

 It is also proper, where the garden is in 

 the regular style, that all the tops of the 

 walls should run parallel with the level 

 of the borders and walks, particularly 

 from east to west. All steps, or ramps, 

 should be avoided in walls running from 

 north to south, unless the fall of the 

 ground is considerable towards the latter 

 point. 



The grassy lawn, x, slopes considerably 

 towards the east, and occupies that space 

 between the east wall of the garden, and 

 the plantation of old and splendid trees 

 intervening between it and the mansion, 

 which is now forming into an arboretum. 

 It is intersected with drives and gravel 

 walks — the river North Esk running 

 through it, and separating it from the 

 bowling-green and pleasure-grounds sur- 

 rounding the house. A conservative wall, 

 H, bounds two sides of this lawn. 



The triangular piece of ground v v, 

 occupied with the botanical collection of 

 hardy plants, is a piece of ground inter- 

 vening between the square garden and 

 the wall 1 1. This was originally part of 

 the boundary wall of the park, which we 

 retained and heightened for a peach wall 



