44 



GENERAL FORMATION, &c, OF GARDENS. 



little additional expense, but, what is of 

 far greater importance, the whole outer 

 surface of the exterior wall may be co- 

 vered with fruit trees — an advantage not 

 always taken into due consideration. At 

 the four exterior corners of the walls will 

 be seen projections which extend the 

 whole breadth of the borders, for the 

 purpose of breaking the force of the 

 winds ; and, with a like intent, the door 

 and gateways should also be carried up 

 with projections 2 feet in breadth, and 5 

 inches thick, on each side of the wall, 

 which will also give them a massive and 

 stronger appearance. These projections 

 should be carried up the whole height of 

 the walls, whatever may be the height of 

 the open ways. It may also be here ob- 

 served, that, as the furnaces and stoke- 

 holes of the principal range are placed in 

 the cellars under the offices, and those of 

 the curvilinear and span-roofed houses 

 and pits behind the back wall — each of the 

 latter being covered in with a neat close 

 shed, with a small depot for coals on one 

 side and for ashes on the other — the whole 

 of the filth and confusion of fuel, dust, 

 and ashes is completely out of sight. The 

 enclosing also of the furnaces economises 

 fuel, and regulates the draught of the fire. 

 To render the smoke from the curvilinear 

 or span-roofed houses as little offensive 

 as possible, each furnace discharges its 

 smoke into flues placed in the garden 

 wall, in different courses, and all brought 

 to terminate in a lofty ornamental chim- 

 ney-shaft exactly in the centre. By these 

 means the wall becomes a heated one, 

 which, added to the shelter afforded, and 

 the reflection of heat from the glass, 

 makes it well suited for peaches, apricots, 

 and the finer sorts of fruit — even for the 

 hardier kinds of vines, if not in too nor- 

 thern a latitude. The whole area of this 

 forcing-ground is to be gravel, which will 

 not only become more agreeable to walk 

 upon, but will add somewhat to the 

 warmth of the surrounding air. There 

 would be no impropriety in having an 

 1 8 inch or 2 feet border along the sides 

 of the houses having span or curvilinear 

 roofs, bordered with a stone edging, as 

 these borders would derive a considerable 

 heat from the side walls of the houses, and 

 be found valuable for preserving salads 

 during winter, or bringing them forward 

 in spring. The bottoms of the roofs, 



being provided with proper water gutters 

 for taking the rain water to the tanks, 

 would keep these borders dry. The only 

 thing to be guarded against would be the 

 falling of the snow from the roofs ; but 

 this could be provided against by placing 

 ornamental cast-iron parapets, 6 inches 

 in height, on the bottom of the astragals, 

 or on the inner edge of the water gutters, 

 which would prevent the snow sliding 

 over, and retain it until it became melted. 

 In this plan no arrangement has been 

 made for stabling or cart-sheds, as these 

 are sometimes detached from the kitchen 

 garden and placed in some convenient 

 part of the park, or at the farm or secon- 

 dary stables. These, however, might 

 very properly be placed at either of the 

 ends of the back wall, upon their outer 

 or northern side. 



Water is to be laid on all over the garden, 

 in 1-inch leaden pipes, placed under the 

 walks, these pipes being enclosed be- 



Fig. 23. tween two courses of 3-inch 



drain-tiles : this precaution 

 is necessary, for the protec- 

 tion of the pipes from frost. 

 Ornamental cast-iron tubes, 

 fig. 23, should be set upright 

 at every 100 feet, close to 

 the edging, or, better still, at 

 the intersection of the walks, 

 or in the corners, with caps 

 to remove ; and in them the 

 branch-pipes from the mains 

 below should be brought up, , 

 with cocks to deliver the wa- 

 ter into neatly-painted tubs, 

 from which it can easily be 



^j^—-~-< removed by watering-pots to 

 1 where it is required. These 

 pipes may be so constructed as to have a 

 stopcock, with a screw nozzle or union joint, 

 to which flexible pipes may be attached and 

 carried through the quarters between the 

 crops ; and, if there is a sufficient force 

 of water, the wall trees may be watered 

 at the same time. Water-cocks, at con- 

 venient distances, to supply portable 

 water-tubs, are far more convenient and 

 useful than having one or two stationary 

 cisterns in a large garden. It will also 

 be well if the pipes are so laid — as can 

 easily be done — that they shall fall all to 

 one or more lower points, at each of 

 which a tap should be placed to let off 

 the water entirely during winter. 



