CONSTRUCTION OF GARDEN WALLS. 



85 



these chambers, as each course is laid, a 

 concrete, properly compounded of gravel 

 and lime, is introduced, and the whole, 

 when finished, is thus rendered a solid 

 and well combined mass. 



"The appearance presented by walls 

 built in this manner is uniform and bold — 

 each brick being 5 inches high and pro- 

 portionably long. Very little mortar is 

 required for laying the bricks; so that, if 

 affected by frost, the work may be re- 

 paired at small cost. For garden walls, 

 bricks are specially made with two dowel- 

 holes in them, so that iron rods or oaken 

 stakes may be passed through, thus 

 stringing them together, the interstices 

 being filled up with concrete : a shows 

 the plan of one of these bricks, and b ex- 

 hibits a section of garden walling con- 



Fig. 73. 



structed with them. A 

 footing of concrete, about 

 12 inches in thickness, is 

 first thrown in. Upon this 

 is laid one course of 9-inch 

 work, and one course of 

 splayed bricks, made for 

 the purpose, from whence 

 commences the 6-inch 

 walling of dowelled bricks, 

 terminating with a bead- 

 brick and coping of the 

 same material, set in ce- 

 ment. At certain intervals 

 angular piers are formed to 

 strengthen the wall; and 

 iron rods, as before men- 

 tioned, are introduced in 

 various places. One of the 

 latter is shown in fig. 73, 

 passing through the bottom 

 courses into the concrete. 

 The cost of a wall thus 

 constructed, with 6-inch 

 bricks, including the coping 

 and piers, but exclusive of 

 the concrete footing, is about five shillings 

 per yard, (being little more than the 

 price of wooden fencing,) and a similar 

 wall may be built of 4-inch bricks for 

 four shillings per yard. For horticultural 

 purposes the patentee has occasionally 

 glazed the face of his bricks : this is the 

 case with a garden wall in the garden at 

 Hampton Court Palace, built by him 

 several years ago." This wall we have 

 frequently seen, and can testify to its 

 great merits. The specimen alluded to 



is trellised with copper wire run length- 

 ways, and fastened by eyed holdfasts in 

 the wall; for such a wall would soon be 

 ruined by the barbarous system of driv- 

 ing nails into it. 



Fig. 74 shows the plan of another 

 mode of building hollow brick walls, 14 



Fig. 74. 



[FPLFfFQ 



c±tzr±r 



inches thick, 

 with only a 

 small num- 

 ber of bricks 

 additional 

 to those re- 

 The follow- 

 from the 



is 



quired for a 9-inch wall, 

 ing description and plan 

 " Encyclopaedia of Cottage, Farm, and 

 Villa Architecture:" — "Fig. 64 shows 

 the plan, or first course of bricks, 

 of such a wall, and all the rest is mere 

 repetition. Walls built in this man- 

 ner may be carried to the height of 10 

 or 12 feet without any piers, and hence 

 they are suitable for the walls of gardens. 

 For the purpose of heating, two courses of 

 cross-bond may be left out, on a level with 

 the surface of the ground, in order to leave 

 room for a hot- water pipe," or hot-water 

 gutter, "which, in consequence of the ver- 

 tical vacuities, will heat the whole wall." 



In regard to the economy of such a 

 wall Mr Loudon makes the following cal- 

 culations : — " If we suppose that only half 

 the amount of cross-bond is used, then 

 the saving of bricks will be still greater. 

 A rod of solid 9-inch brickwork requires 

 4500 bricks; a rod of hollow 14- inch 

 brickwork, such as fig. 74, requires 3600; 

 and a rod with only half the amount of 

 cross-bond shown in the figure, requires 

 3200 bricks. If the whole of the brick- 

 work were set on edge, then, for a com- 

 mon 9-inch wall, hollow, the number of 

 bricks required per rod will be 3000 ; for 

 a 14-inch wall, hollow, but with bricks 

 set on edge, the number required per rod 

 will be about 2800; and for a wall, brick 

 on edge, with only half the cross-bonds, 

 the number per rod required will be 

 about 2500." 



Brick walls 1\ inches thick may be 

 used for gardens, and, by a peculiar mode 

 of laying them, the walls may be made 

 fair on both sides, and sufficiently strong. 

 The following is the mode of constructing 

 them as described in the work last quot- 

 ed: — "These 7^-inch brick walls are 

 formed of bricks of the common size, and 



