GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 121 



torus gutter, forming the upper part of 

 the pedestal or plinth of the building /, 

 in fig. 121, and is carried from thence into 

 Ifnn Fig. 121. 



the same tanks. So impressed are we 

 with the advantage of radiated heat, that 

 we would have suggested connecting four 

 of these upright supporting columns on 

 each side with the hot- water pipes below, 

 and in severe weather caused a circula- 

 tion of hot water to flow through them, 

 which could be easily effected by having 

 a division in the centre of each pillar, so 

 that the hot water would ascend on one side 

 and descend on the other ; or indeed the 

 circulation would go on without any 

 division whatever : the hot water would 

 ascend through the centre of the column, 

 and, as it cooled, it would descend down 

 the sides. 



The following references are to the 

 transverse section, fig. 120 : — 



a, Cement tanks for water e, Ventilation. 



from the roof. /, Projecting piers or but- 



b, Hot-water tanks below the tress to set a vase on. 



paths. g, Stone flagged paths. 



c, Open iron flooring. h, Hot-water pipes. 



d, A gallery all round the i, Ventilation. 



centre part. 



The heating, we are glad to see, is upon 

 the hot-water principle. Twelve boilers, 

 upon Burbidge and Healy's patent, are 

 employed, with 28,000 superficial feet of 

 pipe, box, tanks, &c, bed, in fig. 121, 

 placed under stone table d, stone passage 

 c, and the perforated iron floor b ; and 

 vapour is produced by valves in the tanks. 

 The hot-water pipes being placed under 

 the perforated iron floor is a good arrange- 

 ment, as the heat will not be much ob- 

 structed in its way upwards ; but why not 

 have made the stone passage c, as well as 

 the stone table d, also of perforated iron 

 work? A great interruption must take 

 place, in both the latter cases, to the free 

 ascent of the heat. We are glad, however, 

 to see that the stone table d does not form 

 a connection with the sides of the house, 



VOL. I. 



which would have added considerably to 

 the evil we complain of. 



The boilers, six only of which are 

 shown — / /, &c, in ground-plan, as half 

 only of the plan is shown — are placed in 

 two vaults beneath the house, indicated 

 by the dotted lines. Each boiler has its 

 own set of pipes to heat, so that, accord- 

 ing to the temperature required, one or 

 more boilers may be set in operation. 

 The vaults in which the boilers are placed 

 are capacious, giving ample room for 

 carrying on the necessary operations, as 

 well as for containing the necessary sup- 

 ply of fuel. They communicate with the 

 coal-yard and chimney tower by means 

 of a tunnel 550 feet in length, which, 

 besides containing the smoke flues, con- 

 tains also a railway, with iron waggons, 

 to convey fuel and to remove the ashes. 

 The floor of the house, as shown in ground- 

 plan, fig. 123,exceptingthe stone-pavement 

 passages, is formed of perforated cast-iron 

 gratings, in pieces of about 4 feet square, 

 so that they can be easily taken up and 

 laid down : they are supported on malle- 

 able-iron bearers and cast-iron uprights, 

 set on blocks of stone, vide fig. 121, a a. 



There are entrances at both the extreme 

 ends, and also at both sides of the centre or 

 higher division. A spacious terrace, with 

 the necessary steps, surrounds the whole, 

 and being somewhat elevated above the 

 ground level, gives the appearance of soli- 

 dity and breadth of base for the stupendous 

 structure to stand on. The lower or front 

 ventilation is shown at g in fig. 121. 



Fig. 122 is a transverse section of the 

 wings, showing the rolling sashes in the 



Fig. 122. 















i 



















— : ~m,.t l.i li \h Li- i ^j*r~ 





< so- - -> 



upper part of the roof at d, and also the 

 vertical sashes in the lantern d. The 

 same figures indicate the openings in the 

 higher lantern in transverse section, fig. 



Q 



