HEATING BY HOT- WATER PIPES. 



171 



the boiler, as well as that for conveying 

 away the smoke, may be placed in such 

 parts of its periphery as may be most 

 suitable, a, flow-pipe ; b, door to admit 

 the fuel ; c, return-pipe ; d, stand for the 



boiler ; e, ash-hole ; /, cistern. 



Barchard's 



tern of heating- 

 Fig. 204. 



-figs. 204 



and 205. — This plan, although somewhat 



similar to 

 F «- **■ Perm's, is 



founded up- 

 on sufficient- 

 ly rational 

 principles, 

 both as re- 

 gards heat- 

 ing and cir- 

 culation of 

 the air. 

 From Mr 

 Barchard's communication in " The 

 Gardener's Chronicle" we copy the an- 

 nexed diagram, and the following ab- 

 ridged description. The house in which 

 the experiment was made had been for- 

 merly a pine-stove, heated in the usual 

 manner by hot-water pipes extending 

 along the front and ends. To carry out 

 the object Mr Barchard had in view, and 

 which he is " inclined to think is the gist 

 of Mr Penn's system, that of obtaining a 

 moist air instead of a dry or burnt one, 

 it was only necessary to sink some small 

 drains through the walk at the back of 

 the house, below the level of the bottom 

 of the pit," formerly used for tan, " and 

 thence to carry horizontal drains across 

 it, bringing the mouths of them up im- 

 mediately under the water pipes, the 

 effects of which," he thought, " would be 

 to heat the upper stratum of air in the 

 drains, which, rising thereby, would cause 

 the change thus taking place in its volume 

 to be supplied from the drains or air-holes 

 at the back; and farther, thinking that 



he " might promote the draught slightly 

 thereby," he " caused the slates in front 

 of the pipes," which formerly formed the 

 front of the tan-pit, " to be inclined a 

 little to the wall, so as to narrow the 

 space above them." 



This modification of heating answered 

 all his expectations, not only so far as 

 heating and ventilation are concerned, 

 but the disagreeable burnt-like smell, so 

 often complained of in hothouses, was 

 completely got rid of. To prove this, 

 some months afterwards he had all the 

 air-holes in the walk shut up, which pro- 

 duced in a few hours afterwards the un- 

 pleasant smell of heated air : on opening 

 them again this smell ceased to exist. 

 Humidity is obtained by the simple pro- 

 cess of throwing water occasionally down 

 the air-holes, and would be more effec- 

 tually accomplished if each of the air- 

 drains were formed like a gutter at the 

 bottom, and filled with water by a pipe 

 running along their upper ends, regulated 

 by a cock, so that they could be filled at 

 pleasure. The heated air passing over 

 the surface of these gutters would take 

 up a sufficiency of humidity. And to 

 render the apparatus more complete, a 

 similar pipe could be placed along their 

 lower ends, by means of which the water 

 could be lessened or entirely withdrawn 

 at pleasure. 



The following will explain the different 

 parts : — " a ground line ; b pit ; c walk in 

 thehouse; drains; e water-pipes round 

 three sides of the house; / side of pit 

 made of slate ; g wall standing above the 

 pathway ; h h mouths of drains." 



Walker's mode of heating. — A very in- 

 genious mode of heating by hot water has 

 recently been patented by Mr Walker of 

 Manchester, the principal feature in which 

 is exposing a much greater heated sur- 

 face to the radiating process than has 

 hitherto been attempted. The boiler and 

 pipes are much the same as in ordinary 

 cases; but square ornamental pedestals 

 about 3 feet in height are attached to the 

 flow-pipes. These pedestals are charged 

 with hot water, and are intersected within 

 with numerous square tubes, |-inch 

 square, extending all the height of the 

 pedestal. The air within these tubes 

 speedily becomes heated by conduction 

 from the water, and, being open at bot- 

 tom and top, becomes highly rarefied, and 



