HEATING BY HOT-WATER PIPES. 



189 



Fig. 240. 



the corners, or by the sides of the walls, 

 or, indeed, in any part where they would 

 not interfere with the general arrange- 

 ment. One of the simplest of these 

 forms is a stack of 2 -inch pipes, arranged 

 one above another in 

 a double row, with a 

 case of open work in 

 front, as shown in fig. 

 240, as suggested by 

 Walker, but which 

 indeed is only a 

 revival of the Mar- 

 quis de Chabanne's 

 principle. A case 

 of this kind, 6 feet 

 long, 1 foot wide, 

 and feet high, 

 would contain 60 feet 

 of heating surface, or nearly the half 

 of that usually employed to heat a 

 whole vinery. These, however, should 

 be distributed equally over the house to 

 equalise the temperature, and be supplied 

 with cold air entering near their bottom — 

 as shown in our cut — to equalise its distri- 

 bution. There are cases, also, where such 

 stacks of pipes might be set in niches in the 

 walls, and thereby economise space : the 

 number of pipes, of course, to be regulated 

 by the temperature required, and their 

 supply of heat conveyed from the boiler by 

 a pipe of larger calibre. " For this pur- 

 pose," says Walker in " Hints on Venti- 

 lation," " more compact forms than pipes 

 are desirable, in order to reduce the space 

 occupied. The simplest of these forms 

 consists of flat hollow plates of iron, set 

 up on edge parallel to each other, having 

 a thin space within them, of 1 inch wide, 

 for the reception of the vehicle of heat, 

 and fixed at intervals of 1^ inches apart. 

 The number must be determined by the 

 extent of heating surface required ; and 

 any number of them may be connected 

 together by a horizontal pipe running 

 along the top, conveying the hot water to 

 each plate, and another along the bottom, 

 connected by a branch from each for 

 returning the water which has parted 

 with its heat again to the boiler. 

 The quantity of heating surface obtain- 

 able in this form in a given space, com- 

 pared with pipes, is nearly as 3 to 2, 

 or half as much again. This form of 

 heating surfaces has long been used for 

 manufacturing purposes but, so far as 



we know, it has not been applied in hot- 

 house-heating. " Such radiators might be 

 advantageously em- 



Fig. 241. 



Fig. 242. 



Fig. 243. 



Fig. 244. 



ployed in affording 

 bottom heat to pine- 

 beds, &c, and forms, 

 as in figs. 241, 242, 

 and 243, laid flat, in- 

 creasing or dimin- 

 ishing the number 

 of plates, according 

 to the heat required. 

 Fig. 241 is the sim- 

 plest of these modes, 

 which is here shown 

 in plan ; fig. 242 is 

 a modification of 

 this form of heat- 

 ing surface, having 

 a corrugated or zig- 

 zag outline ; but 

 as the corrugations 

 cause each plate to 

 occupy a greater 

 width, there is no 

 space saved nor ad- 

 vantage gained by 

 this alteration in 

 the form of surface. 

 A better arrange- 

 ment than the last 

 has been used, simi- 

 lar to that shown 

 at fig. 241, but 

 having thin parallel 

 projections cast on 

 the outsides of the 

 plates, which in- 

 creases the heating 

 surface obtainable 

 in a given space in 

 the proportion of 4 

 to 2, or twice as 

 much as compared 

 with pipes. This is 

 shown in plan, fig. 

 243. Mr Haden 

 has patented a 

 sharply corrugated 

 form which he 

 gives to these pro- 

 jections — see side 

 view, fig. 244. This 

 is intended to 

 the 



bring 



air 



more immediately into contact with the 

 hot surfaces, by passing it up through 



