VINEKIES. 



305 



ventilators, raising the front about 3 feet 

 9 inches above the ground-level of the 

 border. "There are also piers built in 

 the interior," says Mr Forbes, (in " Hortus 

 Woburnensis," p. 350,) "for the support 

 of the hot-water pipes, which are ar- 

 ranged parallel to the front wall, and 

 about 20 inches distant from it; this 

 space being reserved for planting the 

 vines in, which are placed close to the 

 wall, their roots extending under the 

 pipes, and also through the openings to 

 the exterior borders. The interior width 

 of the house is 12 feet in the clear. A pit 

 is formed in it for forming a bed of leaves 

 or dung, to produce a moist heat, for the 

 assistance of the breaking of the vine 

 buds. The roof of this range is also con- 

 structed with cast-iron, copper, and wood" 

 — the first instance, we believe, of Mr 

 Atkinsons deviating from wooden roofs. 

 "The rafters, wall-plates, and spouting, 

 are all cast-iron. The frames of the lights 

 are composed of wood, and the astragals 

 of small bars of copper ; which combina- 

 tion of materials forms a very durable, 

 light, and elegant roof. The front sashes 

 are all made to open outwards, which is 

 done by means of a pivot, and fastened 

 on the outside by a key, so as to prevent 

 their being blown open by the wind. The 

 lower tier of roof sashes are all fixtures, 

 and only every alternate sash in the 

 upper range is made to run, in order to 

 admit air. There is also a ventilator 

 placed under every alternate or fixed sash 

 of the top tier, which communicates with 

 the openings in the top of the wall, where- 

 by a free current of air may be admitted 

 into the house in wet weather, without 

 sliding down any of the sashes. In short, 

 a free circulation of this element may be 

 at all times admitted by opening these 

 ventilators and the front lights, which, 

 except in very sultry weather, will be 

 found sufficient to keep the tempera- 

 ture of the vinery as low as it may be 

 required. 



"Each of the movable lights is furnished 

 with a chain and small wind, which draws 

 them up with the greatest facility. The 

 trellising is of wrought-iron bar, about ^ 

 of an inch in diameter, and is placed 

 within 9 inches of the glass at the front, 

 or lower end of the rafter, and about 12 

 inches from it at top." a is the boiler, b 

 the hot-water pipes. 



VOL. I. 



CrosskilPs vinery. — The vineries, both 

 at Everingham Park, and also at Sun- 

 derlandwick, with many others in the 

 north of England, and also on the Conti- 

 nent, were erected and designed by Mr 

 Crosskill of the Beverley Iron- Works ; and 

 in both these cases they form part of a 

 very neat and elegant range. We were 

 very much struck, on visiting both the 

 places named, to find the workmanship so 

 complete in even the most minute detail. 

 The annexed perspective view, fig. 412, of 



Fig. 412. 



the interior, will explain the principle 

 upon which they are constructed. They 

 are all of iron, excepting the sashes, which, 

 Mr Crosskill justly observes, are better to 

 be of wood, being lighter, and more rea- 

 dily fitted into the rafters ; and also, that 

 if the rafters expand a little during the 

 heat of summer, the sashes contract a 

 little from the same cause. The rafters 

 are of cast-iron, and cast with a gentle 

 bend or knee at the middle, where the 

 bottom of the upper sash covers or over- 

 laps the top of the under one. The front 

 is furnished with upright lights, which 

 are made to open and shut by a very 

 simple mechanical movement, as are the 

 ventilators in the back wall also. They 

 are heated by hot water upon the hori- 

 zontal principle, and have a double course 

 of pipes placed along the front. The in- 

 terior of the house contains a pit, in which 

 pines may be grown, of the usual size and 

 description ; but instead of being con- 

 structed of brick walls, it is formed of 

 plates of iron, which gives it a very neat 

 appearance, and affords more room. The 

 passage along the back is covered with a 

 very elegant iron grating of an orna- 



2 q 



