VINERIES. 



311 



trained up the back wall. The angle of 

 the roof is 43°. It is in two sashes, the 

 top ones being 4 feet 6 inches, and the 

 lower ones 4 feet 4 inches in length. The 

 top ones slide down in the usual manner, 

 and ventilators are built in the front wall. 

 The walls are 9 inches thick, and built 

 hollow, the bricks being laid on edge, 

 not on bed. The height of the back wall 

 is 8 feet 6 inches ; the breadth of the 

 house within, 5 feet 6 inches; and the 

 whole length, 33 feet. It is heated by a 

 smoke flue, which, entering at one end, 

 passes along to a tank of water, sup- 

 plied from the roof, and returns again, 

 the smoke escaping close by the fur- 

 nace. The door enters at the furnace 

 end. 



SauVs vinery — fig. 422. — " The accom- 

 panying section of a vinery," says Mr 

 Saul, is, in his 

 Fl - 42i opinion, "best 



suited for keep- 

 ing late grapes. 

 The great supe- 

 riority a house 

 of this construc- 

 tion has over 

 the old form is, 

 first, that by 

 the nearly up- 

 right position 

 of the glass, 

 scarcely any of 

 the rays of the 

 sun are lost ; 

 while, for the 

 same reason, scarcely a drop of wet can 

 find its way into the house. Another 

 recommendation of this plan is, the small 

 space to be heated ; consequently the tem- 

 perature can more readily be raised to any 

 degree required. This kind of house would 

 also be the very best for early forcing, as, 

 from the small space to be heated, one 

 boiler placed in the centre would be quite 

 sufficient for heating a house of 150 feet 

 in length. This kind of structure differs 

 very little from that recommended by 

 the late Mr Atkinson, except in the more 

 upright position of the sashes ; and pro- 

 bably the method of ventilation adopted 

 by Mr Atkinson would be found the best. 

 b is the rafter; c the trellis." — Gard. 

 Chron. 



The vines in this house are very pro- 

 perly planted inside, so that the roots 



may be beyond the reach of frost ; as 

 they are either safe within, or those that 

 pass through the arches of the front wall, 

 and get into the border without, can be 

 effectually secured by coverings of leaves 

 or litter. There is also another advan- 

 tage attending this mode of planting, 

 namely, securing the collar of the plant 

 — that is, that part which connects the 

 roots with the stem, and which is known 

 to be more sensible of cold than any 

 other part, from the changes of tempera- 

 ture, particularly in early or very late 

 forcing. The vine is also here placed in 

 a much better position for the free ascent 

 of the sap, than if planted outside and 

 bent, so as to pass through either above 

 or below the wall-plate ; for it should be 

 borne in mind that every facility should 

 be afforded for the free flow of the sap 

 in the vine ; — and hence an intelligent 

 cultivator has suggested placing the 

 upright sashes of his vinery in a sloping 

 direction, instead of a perpendicular one, 

 so that the stem of the vines may be as 

 little bent as possible. For this purpose 

 the front of the house is supported by 

 mullions in the usual manner; but 

 instead of these being of an equal thick- 

 ness from top to bottom, they are made 

 wedge-shaped, the broad end being 

 undermost, and resting on the stone 

 plinth or coping, which projects 6 or 8 

 inches over the outside of the wall, 

 having a semi-circular notch cut out of 

 the outer edge of the stone sufficiently 

 large to enclose the stem of the vines. 

 The vines are planted under the centre 

 of the sash, and not close to the mullions, 

 as is generally the case. The stem is 

 enclosed by the front sloping sash, and 

 reaches the trellis under the roof in a 

 better position for the free ascent of the 

 sap, than if it were bent horizontally over 

 the coping, and immediately brought to 

 the perpendicular of the inside of the 

 mullion, and again bent to the angle of 

 the roof. The sashes are suspended from 

 the top wall-plate, and fit closely into a 

 rebate formed for them in the sides of 

 the mullions. The border is made up 

 close to the coping, so that no part of the 

 stem is exposed to the weather. Another 

 advantage arises in some degree from 

 this practice : the sloping position of the 

 front sashes leaves them at a better angle 

 for the admission of light than if they 



